Dopamine receptors are all
G protein–coupled receptors, and are divided into two classes based on which G-protein they are coupled to. as well as
substantia nigra, In addition, D1 receptors have been found in the kidney
D5 receptors • Low levels of
D5 receptors have been found in the
hypothalamus,
prefrontal cortex and
cingulate cortex; as well as memory areas such as
hippocampus,
dentate gyrus and
entorhinal cortex. • In addition, D5 receptors have been found in the kidney
D2-like receptors: D2, D3 and D4 D2-like receptors – unlike the D1-like class, these receptors are found pre and post-synaptically. The genes that code these receptors have introns, leading to many alternately spliced variants.
D2 receptors •
D2 receptors are found in the striatum, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, hypothalamus, cortex, septum, amygdala, hippocampus, and olfactory tubercle. • These receptors have also been found in the retina and pituitary gland. • Peripherally, these receptors have been found in the renal, mesenteric, and splenic arteries as well as on the adrenal cortex and medulla and within the kidney.
D3 receptors •
D3 receptors are highly expressed on neurons in islands of Calleja and nucleus accumbens shell and lowly expressed in areas such as the substantia nigra pars compacta, hippocampus, septal area, and ventral tegmental area. • Additional studies have found these receptors peripherally in the kidney
D4 receptors •
D4 receptors are found in amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticula, the thalamus, the retina and the kidney ==Implications in disease==