Claude Nelson-Williams

Claude Nelson-Williams was born on 30 May 1927 at 37 Percival Street, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams was a Wesleyan Methodist and was affiliated with Wesley Church, Freetown. Malphina Nelson-Williams was born into an Anglican family and was affiliated with St George's Cathedral in Freetown. Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams was a lawyer who studied and qualified as a barrister in Britain. He was a contemporary of Sierra Leonean professionals and politicians including Claude Emile Wright, Ernest Samuel Beoku-Betts and Salako Benka-Coker. He was a close friend of both Claude Emile Wright and Salako Benka-Coker both of whom distinguished themselves at the Sierra Leone Bar. Thomas Nelson-Williams served as a city councillor on the Freetown City Council and subsequently was elected as an Unofficial Member to the Legislative Council of the colony. Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams was also a prominent freemason, which was an important pastime among Creole men, although his son, Claude Nelson-Williams did not participate in freemasonry. Malphina Nelson-Williams was a teacher who taught at several schools in Freetown. She subsequently qualified as a Registered Nurse in England and was also actively involved with the women's movement in Sierra Leone alongside other Creole political and civil leaders such as Constance Agatha Cummings-John. ==Education==

Nelson-Williams was educated at Bathurst Street Primary School and subsequently at Samaria Church School and the Government Model School in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The MBBS degree was a six-year medical qualification that provided students with the qualifications to complete a house residency in medicine. Durham University had a long-standing relationship with Sierra Leone through its affiliation with Fourah Bay College in 1876. The provisions of this arrangement provided Sierra Leoneans with the opportunity to complete a Durham University degree at Fourah Bay College. Thomas Edward Nelson-Williams, the father of Nelson-Williams, had completed his first degree at Fourah Bay College. Several other prominent Sierra Leoneans including Sir Milton Margai, the first Prime Minister of Sierra Leone, Robert Wellesley-Cole, the first West African to qualify as a surgeon at the Royal College of Surgeons in England, and Raymond Sarif Easmon a medical doctor and accomplished playwright, completed their medical studies at Durham University which was affiliated to Fourah Bay College until 1960. ==Medical career==

Following his studies at Durham University, Nelson-Williams entered his house residency at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Gateshead where he was senior house officer and casualty officer. It was at this time that he was listed on the Medical Register of physicians qualified to practice medicine. After his house residency at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Nelson-Williams returned to Freetown, Sierra Leone where he served as medical officer at Fourah Bay College Hospital. He subsequently entered private practice as a physician at 33 Pultney Street, Freetown where he held retainers with several corporate companies including the United Africa Company and the Sierra Leone Commercial Bank. Nelson-Williams served as president of the Sierra Leone Medical Association between 1958 and 1959. The Medical Association was one of several professional bodies such as the Sierra Leone Bar Association that had been established by professionals in Sierra Leone. ==Political life and career==

Nelson-Williams and his younger brother, John Arnold Nelson-Williams (1932-2008), were active in Sierra Leonean politics. John was elected to the Sierra Leone Parliament and held a cabinet position as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. Although Claude was never elected to Parliament nor held a cabinet position, in comparison to the small number of Creole professionals actively involved in postcolonial politics, he had a significant degree of influence in Sierra Leonean politics during the 1960s and maintained some political clout from then onwards. Although initially affiliated with the UPP and then the Sierra Leone Peoples Party or SLPP Party, Claude Nelson-Williams, was a founding member of the People's National Party or PNP in the late 1950s and 1960s. Claude Nelson-Williams served on the Executive Council of the PNP alongside his close friend, Gershon Collier. The PNP was a radical element of the SLPP party composed of more youthful members including a younger generation of Creoles who were aligned with Sir Albert Margai, a lawyer who was the younger brother of Sir Milton Margai. However, the PNP subsequently merged into the SLPP and Claude Nelson-Williams also returned to the SLPP. ==Achievements and recognition==

Claude Nelson-Williams was appointed as a director of the Bank of Sierra Leone in 1964 and served in this role until 1967 when he resigned from the directorship. He served in leadership roles in both professional and leisurely associations including as president of the Sierra Leone Medical Association and president of the Sierra Leone Lawn Tennis Association. ==Later life==

Nelson-Williams was a lifelong Wesleyan Methodist and a member of Wesley Methodist Church at Lamina Sankoh Street (formerly Trelawney Street), which was the family church of his paternal family. In the latter years of his life, outside of his medical practice and business interests, Nelson-Williams spent time in the company of a small group of like-minded professional friends at the Brookfields Hotel. Political activism and social advocacy in the latter years Although Nelson-Williams retained an interest in election to Parliament, he also had a strong role as a social advocate in the latter years of his life. He remained a vocal critic of the governments of Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh in the 1970s and 1980s. The rampant corruption and state-sanctioned violence evidenced by the execution of Mohamed Sorie Forna and the assassination of Samuel Lansana Bangura, which was allegedly sanctioned by the Sierra Leonean government, was fiercely criticized by Sierra Leoneans such as Nelson-Williams and Raymond Sarif Easmon. Easmon was briefly jailed by the Siaka Stevens government in the 1970s and eventually was convinced by family and friends to tone down his criticisms of the Siaka Stevens government. Nelson-Williams would remain a critic of corruption and violence by the state and some reports at the time of his death outline that the Sierra Leonean government was wary of his critiques. ==Assassination==

On April 10, 1989, Nelson-Williams was assassinated in his home at Spur Road, Freetown by Abayomi Alhadi, a Sierra Leonean state-sponsored contract killer from the Oku community in Freetown, who was commonly known by his alias of "Highway". Alhadi had been accused of the 1979 assassination of Samuel Lansana Bangura, a Governor of the Bank of Sierra Leone, who was a personal friend of Nelson-Williams. The assassination of Nelson-Williams was a significant shock in Sierra Leone and evidenced the increasing violence that came to characterize aspects of Sierra Leonean society before the Sierra Leone Civil War. Aftermath Following a trial for the assassination of Nelson-Williams, Alhadi was sentenced to death in 1992 alongside four other accessories to the assassination. Alhadi was subsequently scheduled to be executed following his conviction for the assassination of Nelson-Williams, but was granted clemency and had his sentence commuted to life imprisonment by the government. Alhadi was subsequently killed by peacekeeping forces in 1997 during the Sierra Leone Civil War. Following a funeral service at Wesley Methodist Church on 16 April 1989, Nelson-Williams was buried at King Tom Cemetery in the West End of Freetown. He was survived by his family including his three younger siblings. ==Legacy==

Scholars of the history and politics of Sierra Leone cite Sierra Leonean politicians and professionals such as Claude Nelson-Williams, Berthan Macaulay, Raymond Sarif Easmon, John Karefa-Smart, Mohamed Sorie Forna, Ibrahim Bash Taqi, and Gershon Collier as part of the early postcolonial politicians and civic leaders who championed the rights of Sierra Leoneans and railed against the emergence of a kleptocracy, state-sanctioned violence, and corruption. As part of the Creole minority, Sierra Leoneans such as Claude Nelson-Williams and his brother, John, Berthan Macaulay, and Raymond Sarif Easmon were part of the radical Creole politicians who, in contrast to the gradual trend of declining Creole influence in politics, played a vibrant and influential role in the postcolonial political landscape of Sierra Leone. These younger generation of Sierra Leoneans combined professional achievement with civic and political leadership, and in the one-party state paid with their lives or were imprisoned. ==References==