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Storer House (Los Angeles)

The Storer House is a residence at 8161 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles in California, United States. Designed by the architect Frank Lloyd Wright in the Mayan Revival style for the homeopathic physician John Storer, it was completed in 1924. The house is one of four concrete textile block houses that Wright designed in Greater Los Angeles in the 1920s, along with La Miniatura, the Ennis House, and the Freeman House. The Storer House is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Site
The Storer House is located at 8161 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles in California, United States. The site was originally part of a hilly parcel known as Cielo Vista Terrace, which was split into multiple lots in 1922; Aurele Vermeulen laid out the streets there around the same time. The house's original owner John Storer acquired an irregular pentagonal parcel just after Cielo Vista Terrace had been subdivided. Located nearby are the Stahl House to the west and Chateau Marmont to the southwest. == Architecture ==
Architecture
The Storer House is one of eight buildings that Frank Lloyd Wright designed in Greater Los Angeles, alongside houses like the Millard House (also known as La Miniatura), the Hollyhock House, the Ennis House, and the Freeman House. The Ennis, Freeman, Millard, and Storer houses were the only four textile block houses he designed in Los Angeles. According to the writer Hugh Hart, "Wright saw his Textile Block Method approach as an utterly modern, and democratic, expression of his organic architecture ideal." After designing the four textile-block houses, Wright went on to design various concrete-block buildings across the U.S., including Usonian houses made of "Usonian Automatic" blocks. The Storer House is an example of Wright's pre-Columbian or early Modernist architecture. The four Southern California textile-block houses represented Wright's earliest uses of the exotic, monumental Maya forms. Wright's original design for the Lowes family was supposed to have been made of stucco and wood, but this was changed to concrete when the plans were recycled for the Storer House's original owner, John Storer. Exterior Due to the house's layout, it has five levels, despite being only three stories tall (the upper level of the house is a double-height space). The plans are similar to those of the unbuilt Lowes House design, which called for a main house with a dining room and living room, two bedrooms in a separate wing, and a garage and kitchen extending off the house. Although each block is deep, the interiors of the blocks are hollow, meaning that the layer of concrete in each block is at most thick. and other blocks measure across, with no cavity. Unlike the later Ennis and Freeman houses, in which mortar joints are placed between the blocks, no mortar was used in the Storer House. Instead, the blocks had to be cut to precise dimensions and were separated by "reveals" that resembled joints. Wright's assistant Edgar Tafel also claimed that the blocks could be mass-produced, similar to factory-made items. Wright used sledgehammers and aluminum molds to imprint elaborate Maya-inspired patterns into the blocks. The house uses eleven block shapes, which are carved in four patterns. These designs were adapted from Wright's earlier Unity Temple and A. D. German Warehouse. Both the interior and exterior faces of the walls have engraved patterns. Terraces and entrances Wright included three exterior terraces in the Storer House's design, via which the house was to be accessed. Prior to the pool's construction, a sunken garden had been located there. Each bay contains a single glass pane. According to the writer Robert Sweeney, the second-leftmost door was supposed to be made of wood and serve as the main entrance. Since this detail was omitted from the final design, the westernmost door, directly in front of the exterior stairway, is used as the main entrance by default. while another writer said the lack of a front door was an example of Wright's predilection for entrances that were "secluded, mysterious, evoking our primitive ancestors finding shelter in a cave". Outside the northern elevation is a patio supported by a retaining wall, and is arranged on a T-shaped floor plan. Lower level and mezzanines The rectangular dining room occupies the center of the lower level and is oriented with its longer axis running east–west. The main entrance (in the second-westernmost bay of the south elevation) leads to the southwest corner of the dining room, Similarly to Wright's other houses, the entrance hall has a low ceiling and leads to spaces with higher ceilings. The ceiling of the living area measures high. The ceiling beams run between the piers on the house's north and south elevations. As built, a monitor roof, which is slightly raised above the main roof but lacks clerestory windows, runs between the western and eastern walls of the living room, protruding above the doorways on either wall. The monitor roof is supported by a pair of parallel wooden beams that protrude from the facade. ==History==
History
The Storer House was one of multiple high-profile projects that Wright completed in the 1920s, along with his other Los Angeles houses and Tokyo's Imperial Hotel. Wright had received the commissions for the Freeman, Ennis, and Storer houses nearly simultaneously, shortly after he had completed La Miniatura. The order in which the three houses was constructed is disputed, although the Storer House is agreed to have been built before the other two. Wright's grandson Eric Lloyd Wright and Los Angeles Times reporter Charles Lockwood stated that the Freeman House was built last, Prior to constructing the textile-block houses, Wright had used pre-Columbian motifs in other structures such as Chicago's Midway Gardens and Richland Center, Wisconsin's German Warehouse. Development The client, John Storer, was a homeopathic physician. Unlike the clients of Wright's other textile-block houses, Storer was not part of either the avant-garde or a progressive movement. Storer moved from Chicago to the Los Angeles area in 1917 and became a real estate developer two years later, when he failed a medical licensing exam. The Superior Building Company was established in 1921 at number 1920 Grammercy Place, where Storer lived at the time. Eric later said that Wright was "trying to create something beautiful, with its own character and quality", even though his grandfather's textile-block houses generally featured little ornamentation. had been hired by November 1923 to construct the Storer House. Parlee was fired within five weeks, after Storer had sued Parlee to obtain the formula for the concrete textile blocks. The Storer House's concrete blocks differed from those used in the Millard House, in that the Storer blocks had interior coffers and were laid in multiple layers. Work proceeded steadily at first; by February 1924, images showed that the house's exterior walls had been built up to the second floor. and the blocks were removed from the molds and kept moist for weeks. Wright filed a notice of completion on October 27, 1924, while other features were excluded due to disagreements between architect and client. Mid-20th-century ownership Storer's opinion of the house has not been documented, in contrast to some of Wright's other clients, who were vocal about what they thought of their houses. and Storer ultimately sold it in 1927, having owned the house for less than four years. renting it for several years. In the decades after Storer sold the house, the building fell into disrepair; the concrete decorations, roofs, doors, and window surrounds were particularly badly affected. The lack of joints allowed water to leak through the walls, and the roof also lacked properly-installed flashing, allowing water to seep through that way as well. a later owner tried to remove the paint using a sandblaster, creating dents in the concrete blocks. but he did not have enough money until 1982, when the film 48 Hrs. became a box-office hit. He eventually agreed to buy it in January 1984, $750,000, Furthermore, relatively little attention was being paid to Wright's Los Angeles textile-block houses, which had fallen into disrepair. Silver also bought decorations and furniture by Wright and other early-20th-century architects, and the art dealer Tod Volpe helped Silver with the purchases. Among the objects Silver acquired were a dining table from the house of Wright's secretary, as well as a chair from the Trier House, which Wright had designed in Iowa. The mechanical systems and the original design details were replaced, and workers removed lacquer and varnish from the woodwork, which instead had to be coated in oil regularly. Newer electric wires were concealed within existing architectural details. and he discovered Wright's original plans for the house's colorful awnings. During the renovation, there were disagreements over the extent to which the original design should be reproduced. For the bathroom, Silver agreed to remove fixtures from the 1950s and add fixtures that would have been commonplace in the 1920s. By contrast, he insisted on modern appliances for the kitchen, over objections from the architects. These included installing a pool, and he also invited members of the Los Angeles Conservancy to tour it. Silver's restoration project won a Preservation Award from the Los Angeles Conservancy in 1985. The project also received an architectural-excellence award from the California Council of the American Institute of Architects in 1986, one of the first times a restoration project in California had received that prize. which he also renovated, using furnishings designed by Wright. The Storer House remained a private residence through the 1990s. Though Silver had initially planned to host tours of the house after renovating it, Subsequent sales By 1998, Silver had placed the Storer House on sale for $5.5 million, including its furnishings, as he wanted to build a new Los Angeles residence. It was one of the most expensive Wright–designed properties listed for sale at the time. Despite having put "a small fortune" into the restoration, Silver had difficulty finding a buyer. Reports indicated that a similar home would sell for $1 million, leading Forbes magazine to ask: "Will someone pay a 400% premium to live in a piece of architectural history? Probably not. Even immaculately restored, the Storer House still has drawbacks: It's small, the address is just a shade east of swanky Beverly Hills and the other houses on the hills above invade its privacy." The asking price had been decreased to $4.5 million by 2000, and it was reduced again the next year to $3.5 million. Silver ultimately sold the house in 2002 or $6.9 million. At the time, it was believed to be the most expensive Wright–designed house ever sold; this record was broken in 2019 when Ronald Burkle sold the nearby Ennis House for $18 million. == Impact ==
Impact
A writer for the Sacramento Bee described the house as "imposing a strong order on its steeply sloped location", The writer Robert Sweeney described the house's interior spaces as having an effect that was "part temple and part grotto", Another writer for the Observer called it "Californian Mayan strong, original, four square and fortress-like". The biographer Meryle Secrest wrote that all of Wright's textile-block houses were "monumental, aloof and irresistibly Mayan in feeling". Silver's preservation of the house was praised. Wright historian Tom Heinz and GQ magazine reporter Rochelle Reed both said that Silver's restoration of the Storer House was likely unrivaled by any other project, aside from a restoration of a living room in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. and designated as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument on February 23, 1972. The house has been depicted in exhibitions, such as a 1988 exhibit on Wright's textile-block houses at Barnsdall Art Park. In addition, New York's Museum of Modern Art displayed a replica of the house's exterior wall in a 1994 exhibit about Wright's work, and lighting sconces inspired by the house's architecture have been sold as well. A hanging lamp from the house was sold in the late 2010s for $36,000. ==See also==
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