In 1469 the earldom was conferred on
James Stewart. He was made
Lord Auchterhouse at the same time, also in the
Peerage of Scotland. Stewart was the second son of
Sir James Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn, and the younger brother of
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (see
Earl of Atholl, 1457 creation). The title descended in the direct male line until the death of his grandson, John, the third Earl, in 1551. John's only son by his first marriage, John Stewart, Master of Buchan, had been killed at the
Battle of Pinkie in 1547. Buchan was therefore succeeded by his granddaughter, Christina,
suo jure Countess of Buchan, the daughter of the Master of Buchan. She married Robert Douglas, son of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven and brother of
William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton. Robert assumed the title of Earl of Buchan in right of his wife. He was succeeded by his daughter, Mary,
suo jure Countess of Buchan. She married
James Erskine, younger son of
John Erskine,
Earl of Mar. James assumed the earldom in right of his wife. In 1617 they were created by Royal charter Earl and Countess of Buchan, with remainder to the heirs male of the marriage, whom failing, to the legitimate and nearest heirs-male and assignees of the Earl. In 1633 the precedence of the earldom was established by Act of Parliament as 1469. This line of the family failed on the death of their grandson, the eighth Earl, who died unmarried in 1695. The title passed by the terms of the 1617 charter to the heirs male of the 6th Earl i.e. to the heirs male of his younger brother Henry Erskine (see below). Since 1695, the earls of Buchan are not heirs of line of the 1st Earl of Buchan. The late Earl was succeeded by his kinsman
David Erskine, 4th Lord Cardross, who became the ninth Earl. He was the great-grandson of Henry Erskine, younger brother of James Erskine, Earl of Buchan (of the 1617 creation; see
Lord Cardross for earlier history of this branch of the Erskine family). His right to the earldom was acknowledged by the Scottish Parliament in 1698 and he later sat in the
House of Lords as a
Scottish representative peer. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, the tenth Earl. He was a Fellow of the
Royal Society. His eldest surviving son, David, the eleventh Earl, was the founder of the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland but is best remembered as an eccentric. The latter was succeeded by his nephew, Henry, the twelfth Earl, the son of
Henry Erskine,
Lord Advocate, third son of the tenth Earl. In 1850 Caroline, the wife of the 12th Earl, and David the 13th Earl, both converted to
Roman Catholicism. The line of the twelfth Earl failed on the death of his great-grandson, the fifteenth Earl, who died unmarried in 1960. The fifteenth Earl was succeeded by his kinsman, Donald Erskine, 7th Baron Erskine, who became the sixteenth Earl. He was a descendant of
Lord Chancellor Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine, fourth son of the tenth Earl (see
Baron Erskine for earlier history of this branch of the family). , the titles are held by the sixteenth Earl's grandson, the eighteenth Earl, who succeeded his father in that year. The family seat is Newnham House, near
Newnham,
Hampshire. ==List of titleholders==