Ecologist Green Party of Mexico

The party was founded in 1986 under the name Mexican Green Party () and its first leader was Jorge González Torres. It participated in the 1991 federal elections for the first time as an independent bloc, under the name Ecologist Party of Mexico (). It did not obtain a sufficient percentage of the vote to obtain official registration at the national level. It obtained its registration in 1993 and in the same year the party changed its name to the current one. From when it obtained its first subnational registration as a political party on 28 February 1991 until 2011, it was controlled by a single family: its first president was founder Jorge González Torres (a public official and former member of the PRI), who was succeeded in the presidency of the party by his son, Jorge Emilio González Martínez (who served as a senator from 2000–2006 and was nicknamed "the Green Child") in 2001. The party slowly increased its vote share through the 1990s, finishing in 5th place in the 1994 legislative elections and 4th place in 1997, obtaining its first seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and Senate in the latter. Starting in 2000 it allegedly adopted the strategy of "siding with the political party most likely to win", and changing its political coloration to match that party. and entering into a state government for the first time as part of a coalition with the PRI and PANAL in Chiapas, also winning the governorship for the first time under candidate Manuel Velasco Coello. It remained a part of the Chiapas state government until 2018. In the 2015 election campaign, the Instituto Nacional Electoral or INE (which is responsible for organizing elections) fined the Green Party more than 500 million pesos (approximately US$32 million) for different electoral violations. More than 155,000 Mexicans signed an online petition calling for the INE to revoke the Green party's registration, but Mexico's electoral tribunal declined to do so. PVEM later withdrew from Todos por Mexico and gradually came close to the Andrés Manuel López Obrador government, formally entering the Juntos Haremos Historia coalition in 2019. In December 2020 it founded the successor Juntos Hacemos Historia coalition, together with the National Regeneration Movement and the Labor Party and contested the 2021 Mexican legislative elections with them. The PVEM also won its second gubernatorial election the same year, with Ricardo Gallardo Cardona finishing in first place in San Luis Potosí. ==Ideology==

The party has been described (by Lorena Rios) as showing "remarkable ideological flexibility", with a explained not by concern over pollution and global warming, but by the fact that as a political party in Mexico it receives public financing from the Mexican federal government (it received 7.4 billion pesos, or approximately US$370 million, in financing from 1997 to mid-2021). although a conservative faction remains. The party has been criticized on a few occasions for a perceived lack of true commitment to environmental causes, with the now-defunct Mexico City newspaper El Independiente reporting that during a meeting he held in London with Mexican graduate students, party leader Jorge González Martínez responded to the question of PVEM's programs in defense of the Mexican environment with "Ecology is the least important thing to me. I represent interests", and González Martínez being accused of accepting bribes to overlook construction occurring in protected areas. It allied itself with the MORENA party in 2019, despite the "notorious disregard" for environmentalism and the transition away from carbon fuels by the leader of that party. ==Controversies==

Among the general criticisms of the party have been that it is "a family firm 'bordering on organised crime'" (Jorge Alcocer Varela), its "'green' is in the branding, not the policy" (Lorena Rios), Others insist its relative success comes from "out-strategizing" its rivals and giving the public proposals it wants. In 2008, the PVEM initiated an advertising campaign in favor of reintroducing the death penalty in Mexico. This led to the European Green Party's withdrawal of recognition of the PVEM as a legitimate green party. Anti-LGBT rights factions During an interview, PVEM candidate Gamaliel Ramirez verbally attacked an openly gay candidate for Guadalajara mayor and called for criminal laws against homosexuality to be established. In the following days, Ramirez issued a written apology after the party expressed disappointment at his remarks. While the party has pledged to support LGBT rights issues, its three representatives abstained from a vote on Mexico City granting legal recognition to same-sex couples and opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage in the city. Accusations of corruption and nepotism The PVEM is also widely criticized because its leader from 2001 to 2011, Jorge Emilio González Martínez, was appointed for being the son of former leader Jorge González Torres, and for supporting the political and business agenda of Mexican businessman Víctor González Torres, owner of the Farmacias Similares drugstore franchise and González Martínez's uncle. As of 2021, the father and son retain influence as members of the party's national council. The Quintana Roo state branch of PVEM removed its leader, José de la Peña Ruiz de Chávez, for his relationship with the Romanian mafia on 10 February 2021. He kept his position as a member of the Congress of Quintana Roo. José Luis Jonathan Yong, former Public Security director in Cancun (2016–2018) has been implicated. De la Peña Ruiz de Chávez is said to also have ties to Leticia Rodríguez Lara "Doña Lety", leader of the Cancun drug cartel. Unlawful political advertising in movie theaters In January 2015, the National Electoral Institute (INE) ordered the PVEM and theater chains Cinemex and Cinépolis to cease airing PVEM advertisements on the grounds of fairness in electoral contests. When the PVEM and the theaters did not comply, the INE imposed a fine of MXN$35 million on the PVEM and MXN$7 million on both theater chains. The fine on the PVEM was later increased to MXN$67.1 million. Post-campaign influencer posts In 2015, various media personalities alleged that they had been offered more than MXN$200,000 if they disseminated messages in favor of the PVEM through social networks in the middle of election day, despite a ban on campaigning on that day. In 2021, a similar incident occurred, and several influencers were fined for illegal posts in favor of PVEM on social media after the period of campaigning had ended. Fer Moreno admitted she had been paid MXN$10,000 (US$) and apologized. ==Electoral history==

Presidential elections Congressional elections Chamber of Deputies Senate elections == Notes ==