Economy of Uganda

Since assuming power in early 1986, Museveni's government has taken important steps toward economic rehabilitation. The country's infrastructure, notably its transport and communications systems which were destroyed by war and neglect, is being rebuilt. Recognizing the need for increased external support, Uganda negotiated a policy framework paper with the IMF and the World Bank in 1987. Uganda subsequently began implementing economic policies designed to restore price stability and sustainable balance of payments, improve capacity utilization, rehabilitate infrastructure, restore producer incentives through proper price policies, and improve resource mobilization and allocation in the public sector. These so-called Structural Adjustment Programs greatly improved the shape of the Ugandan economy, but did not lead to economic growth in the first decade after their implementation. Since 1995, Uganda has experienced rapid economic growth, but it is not clear to what extent this positive development can be attributed to Structural Adjustment. Uganda has been a member of the World Trade Organization, since January 1st 1995 and a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, since October 25th 1962. ==Currency==

Uganda began issuing its own currency in 1966 through the Bank of Uganda. ==Agriculture==

Agricultural products supply a significant portion of Uganda's foreign exchange earnings, with coffee alone, of which Uganda is Africa's second largest producer after Ethiopia, accounting for about 17% of the country's exports in 2017 and earning the country US$545 million. Uganda produced in 2018: • 3.9 million tons of sugarcane • 3.8 million tons of plantain (4th largest producer in the world, losing only to Congo, Ghana and Cameroon) • 2.9 million tons of maize • 2.6 million tons of cassava • 1.5 million tons of sweet potato (7th largest producer in the world) • 1.0 million tons of bean • 1.0 million tons of vegetable • 532 thousand tons of banana • 360 thousand tons of onion • 298 thousand tons of sorghum • 260 thousand tons of rice • 245 thousand tons of sunflower seed • 242 thousand tons of peanut • 211 thousand tons of coffee (10th largest producer in the world) • 209 thousand tons of millet In addition, there are smaller productions of other agricultural products, like cotton (87 thousand tons), tea (62 thousand tons), tobacco (35 thousand tons) and cocoa (27 thousand tons). ==Transportation==

As of 2017, Uganda had about of roads, with approximately (4 percent) paved. Most paved roads radiate from Kampala, the country's capital and largest city. As of 2017, Uganda's metre gauge railway network measures about in length. Of this, about 56% (), is operational. A railroad originating at Mombasa on the Indian Ocean connects with Tororo, where it branches westward to Jinja, Kampala, and Kasese and northward to Mbale, Soroti, Lira, Gulu, and Pakwach. The only railway line still operating, however, is the one to Kampala. An international airport is at Entebbe on the northern shores of Lake Victoria, about south of Kampala. In January 2018, the government of Uganda began the construction of Kabalega International Airport, in the Western Region of Uganda. This will be Uganda's second international airport, which is planned to facilitate the construction of an oil refinery and boost tourism. The transport union Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union (ATWGU) is one of the more powerful trade unions in the country with about 100,000 members, many of whom are informal workers. ==Communications==

The Uganda Communications Commission regulates communications, primarily "delivered through an enabled private sector." The companies it regulates include television networks, radio stations, mobile network operators, and fixed-line telephone companies. ==Mining and petroleum==

Uganda's predominant mineral occurrences are gold, tungsten, tin, beryl, and tantalite in the south; tungsten, clay, and granite between latitude zero and two degrees north; and gold, mica, copper, limestone, and iron in the north. The government claimed that the company owed US$435 million. The claim, however, was settled for US$250 million. == GDP per capita ==

GDP per capita (PPP) according to Madisson Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.2,0.6,1) ImageSize = width:1600 height:330 PlotArea = left:36 bottom:17 top:10 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:800 till:1500 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = late ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:800 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:800 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1950 text:1950 bar:1951 text:1951 bar:1952 text:1952 bar:1953 text:1953 bar:1954 text:1954 bar:1955 text:1955 bar:1956 text:1956 bar:1957 text:1957 bar:1958 text:1958 bar:1959 text:1959 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1961 text:1961 bar:1962 text:1962 bar:1963 text:1963 bar:1964 text:1964 bar:1965 text:1965 bar:1966 text:1966 bar:1967 text:1967 bar:1968 text:1968 bar:1969 text:1969 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1971 text:1971 bar:1972 text:1972 bar:1973 text:1973 bar:1974 text:1974 bar:1975 text:1975 bar:1976 text:1976 bar:1977 text:1977 bar:1978 text:1978 bar:1979 text:1979 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1981 text:1981 bar:1982 text:1982 bar:1983 text:1983 bar:1984 text:1984 bar:1985 text:1985 bar:1986 text:1986 bar:1987 text:1987 bar:1988 text:1988 bar:1989 text:1989 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:1992 text:1992 bar:1993 text:1993 bar:1994 text:1994 bar:1995 text:1995 bar:1996 text:1996 bar:1997 text:1997 bar:1998 text:1998 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2002 text:2002 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2004 text:2004 bar:2005 text:2005 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:center bar:1950 from:800 till: 1095 bar:1951 from:800 till: 1023 bar:1952 from:800 till: 1058 bar:1953 from:800 till: 1076 bar:1954 from:800 till: 1033 bar:1955 from:800 till: 1071 bar:1956 from:800 till: 1100 bar:1957 from:800 till: 1116 bar:1958 from:800 till: 1092 bar:1959 from:800 till: 1116 bar:1960 from:800 till: 1137 bar:1961 from:800 till: 1093 bar:1962 from:800 till: 1106 bar:1963 from:800 till: 1197 bar:1964 from:800 till: 1251 bar:1965 from:800 till: 1242 bar:1966 from:800 till: 1280 bar:1967 from:800 till: 1310 bar:1968 from:800 till: 1304 bar:1969 from:800 till: 1404 bar:1970 from:800 till: 1382 bar:1971 from:800 till: 1385 bar:1972 from:800 till: 1364 bar:1973 from:800 till: 1331 bar:1974 from:800 till: 1302 bar:1975 from:800 till: 1243 bar:1976 from:800 till: 1219 bar:1977 from:800 till: 1207 bar:1978 from:800 till: 1111 bar:1979 from:800 till: 966 bar:1980 from:800 till: 912 bar:1981 from:800 till: 923 bar:1982 from:800 till: 972 bar:1983 from:800 till: 1014 bar:1984 from:800 till: 897 bar:1985 from:800 till: 886 bar:1986 from:800 till: 858 bar:1987 from:800 till: 877 bar:1988 from:800 till: 902 bar:1989 from:800 till: 929 bar:1990 from:800 till: 932 bar:1991 from:800 till: 915 bar:1992 from:800 till: 935 bar:1993 from:800 till: 959 bar:1994 from:800 till: 995 bar:1995 from:800 till: 1055 bar:1996 from:800 till: 1092 bar:1997 from:800 till: 1108 bar:1998 from:800 till: 1138 bar:1999 from:800 till: 1185 bar:2000 from:800 till: 1192 bar:2001 from:800 till: 1256 bar:2002 from:800 till: 1301 bar:2003 from:800 till: 1335 bar:2004 from:800 till: 1365 bar:2005 from:800 till: 1451 PlotData= bar:1950 at:1095 fontsize:S text:1,095 shift:(0,5) bar:1951 at:1023 fontsize:S text:1,023 shift:(0,5) bar:1952 at:1058 fontsize:S text:1,058 shift:(0,4) bar:1953 at:1076 fontsize:S text:1,076 shift:(0,1) bar:1954 at:1033 fontsize:S text:1,033 shift:(0,5) bar:1955 at:1071 fontsize:S text:1,071 shift:(0,2) bar:1956 at:1100 fontsize:S text:1,100 shift:(0,5) bar:1957 at:1116 fontsize:S text:1,116 shift:(0,5) bar:1958 at:1092 fontsize:S text:1,092 shift:(0,5) bar:1959 at:1116 fontsize:S text:1,116 shift:(0,5) bar:1960 at:1137 fontsize:S text:1,137 shift:(0,5) bar:1961 at:1093 fontsize:S text:1,093 shift:(0,5) bar:1962 at:1106 fontsize:S text:1,106 shift:(0,5) bar:1963 at:1197 fontsize:S text:1,197 shift:(0,5) bar:1964 at:1251 fontsize:S text:1,251 shift:(0,5) bar:1965 at:1242 fontsize:S text:1,242 shift:(0,5) bar:1966 at:1280 fontsize:S text:1,280 shift:(0,7) bar:1967 at:1310 fontsize:S text:1,310 shift:(0,6) bar:1968 at:1304 fontsize:S text:1,304 shift:(0,6) bar:1969 at:1404 fontsize:S text:1,404 shift:(0,5) bar:1970 at:1382 fontsize:S text:1,382 shift:(0,6) bar:1971 at:1385 fontsize:S text:1,385 shift:(0,6) bar:1972 at:1364 fontsize:S text:1,364 shift:(0,4) bar:1973 at:1331 fontsize:S text:1,331 shift:(0,4) bar:1974 at:1302 fontsize:S text:1,302 shift:(0,5) bar:1975 at:1243 fontsize:S text:1,243 shift:(0,5) bar:1976 at:1219 fontsize:S text:1,219 shift:(0,5) bar:1977 at:1207 fontsize:S text:1,207 shift:(0,5) bar:1978 at:1111 fontsize:S text:1,111 shift:(0,5) bar:1979 at:966 fontsize:S text:966 shift:(0,4) bar:1980 at:912 fontsize:S text:912 shift:(0,5) bar:1981 at:923 fontsize:S text:923 shift:(0,5) bar:1982 at:972 fontsize:S text:972 shift:(0,3) bar:1983 at:1014 fontsize:S text:1,014 shift:(0,5) bar:1984 at:897 fontsize:S text:897 shift:(0,5) bar:1985 at:886 fontsize:S text:886 shift:(0,6) bar:1986 at:858 fontsize:S text:858 shift:(0,4) bar:1987 at:877 fontsize:S text:877 shift:(0,5) bar:1988 at:902 fontsize:S text:902 shift:(0,5) bar:1989 at:929 fontsize:S text:929 shift:(0,5) bar:1990 at:932 fontsize:S text:932 shift:(0,5) bar:1991 at:915 fontsize:S text:915 shift:(0,5) bar:1992 at:935 fontsize:S text:935 shift:(0,5) bar:1993 at:959 fontsize:S text:959 shift:(0,5) bar:1994 at:995 fontsize:S text:995 shift:(0,5) bar:1995 at:1055 fontsize:S text:1,055 shift:(0,5) bar:1996 at:1092 fontsize:S text:1,092 shift:(0,5) bar:1997 at:1108 fontsize:S text:1,108 shift:(0,5) bar:1998 at:1138 fontsize:S text:1,138 shift:(0,5) bar:1999 at:1185 fontsize:S text:1,185 shift:(0,6) bar:2000 at:1192 fontsize:S text:1,192 shift:(0,6) bar:2001 at:1256 fontsize:S text:1,256 shift:(0,5) bar:2002 at:1301 fontsize:S text:1,301 shift:(0,5) bar:2003 at:1335 fontsize:S text:1,335 shift:(0,5) bar:2004 at:1365 fontsize:S text:1,365 shift:(0,4) bar:2005 at:1451 fontsize:S text:1,451 shift:(0,5) Source: Maddison Historical Statistics Project Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.2,0.6,1) ImageSize = width:1600 height:330 PlotArea = left:36 bottom:17 top:10 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:600 till:2200 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = late ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:200 start:600 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:600 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1985 text:1985 bar:1986 text:1986 bar:1987 text:1987 bar:1988 text:1988 bar:1989 text:1989 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:1992 text:1992 bar:1993 text:1993 bar:1994 text:1994 bar:1995 text:1995 bar:1996 text:1996 bar:1997 text:1997 bar:1998 text:1998 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2002 text:2002 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2004 text:2004 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2008 text:2008 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 bar:2012 text:2012 bar:2013 text:2013 bar:2014 text:2014 bar:2015 text:2015 bar:2016 text:2016 bar:2017 text:2017 bar:2018 text:2018 bar:2019 text:2019 bar:2020 text:2020 bar:2021 text:2021 bar:2022 text:2022 bar:2023 text:2023 bar:2024 text:2024 bar:2025 text:2025 bar:2026 text:2026 bar:2027 text:2027 bar:2028 text:2028 bar:2029 text:2029 bar:2030 text:2030 bar:2031 text:2031 bar:2032 text:2032 bar:2033 text:2033 bar:2034 text:2034 bar:2035 text:2035 bar:2036 text:2036 bar:2037 text:2037 bar:2038 text:2038 bar:2039 text:2039 bar:2040 text:2040 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:center bar:1985 from:600 till: 886 bar:1986 from:600 till: 858 bar:1987 from:600 till: 877 bar:1988 from:600 till: 902 bar:1989 from:600 till: 929 bar:1990 from:600 till: 932 bar:1991 from:600 till: 915 bar:1992 from:600 till: 935 bar:1993 from:600 till: 959 bar:1994 from:600 till: 995 bar:1995 from:600 till: 1055 bar:1996 from:600 till: 1092 bar:1997 from:600 till: 1108 bar:1998 from:600 till: 1138 bar:1999 from:600 till: 1185 bar:2000 from:600 till: 1192 bar:2001 from:600 till: 1256 bar:2002 from:600 till: 1301 bar:2003 from:600 till: 1335 bar:2004 from:600 till: 1365 bar:2005 from:600 till: 1451 bar:2006 from:600 till: 1501 bar:2007 from:600 till: 1570 bar:2008 from:600 till: 1679 bar:2009 from:600 till: 1757 bar:2010 from:600 till: 1831 bar:2011 from:600 till: 1890 bar:2012 from:600 till: 1877 bar:2013 from:600 till: 1889 bar:2014 from:600 till: 1923 bar:2015 from:600 till: 1954 bar:2016 from:600 till: 1980 bar:2017 from:600 till: 1992 bar:2018 from:600 till: 2045 bar:2019 bar:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 bar:2031 bar:2032 bar:2033 bar:2034 bar:2035 bar:2036 bar:2037 bar:2038 bar:2039 bar:2040 PlotData= bar:1985 at:886 fontsize:S text:886 shift:(0,4) bar:1986 at:858 fontsize:S text:858 shift:(0,4) bar:1987 at:877 fontsize:S text:877 shift:(0,4) bar:1988 at:902 fontsize:S text:902 shift:(0,4) bar:1989 at:929 fontsize:S text:929 shift:(0,2) bar:1990 at:932 fontsize:S text:932 shift:(0,2) bar:1991 at:915 fontsize:S text:915 shift:(0,4) bar:1992 at:935 fontsize:S text:935 shift:(0,2) bar:1993 at:959 fontsize:S text:959 shift:(0,6) bar:1994 at:995 fontsize:S text:995 shift:(0,5) bar:1995 at:1055 fontsize:S text:1,055 shift:(0,4) bar:1996 at:1092 fontsize:S text:1,092 shift:(0,4) bar:1997 at:1108 fontsize:S text:1,108 shift:(0,4) bar:1998 at:1138 fontsize:S text:1,138 shift:(0,3) bar:1999 at:1185 fontsize:S text:1,185 shift:(0,5) bar:2000 at:1192 fontsize:S text:1,192 shift:(0,5) bar:2001 at:1256 fontsize:S text:1,256 shift:(0,5) bar:2002 at:1301 fontsize:S text:1,301 shift:(0,5) bar:2003 at:1335 fontsize:S text:1,335 shift:(0,3) bar:2004 at:1365 fontsize:S text:1,365 shift:(0,5) bar:2005 at:1451 fontsize:S text:1,451 shift:(0,5) bar:2006 at:1501 fontsize:S text:1,501 shift:(0,5) bar:2007 at:1570 fontsize:S text:1,570 shift:(0,5) bar:2008 at:1679 fontsize:S text:1,679 shift:(0,3) bar:2009 at:1757 fontsize:S text:1,757 shift:(0,1) bar:2010 at:1831 fontsize:S text:1,831 shift:(0,5) bar:2011 at:1890 fontsize:S text:1,890 shift:(0,5) bar:2012 at:1877 fontsize:S text:1,877 shift:(0,4) bar:2013 at:1889 fontsize:S text:1,889 shift:(0,5) bar:2014 at:1923 fontsize:S text:1,923 shift:(0,4) bar:2015 at:1954 fontsize:S text:1,954 shift:(0,2) bar:2016 at:1980 fontsize:S text:1,980 shift:(0,6) bar:2017 at:1992 fontsize:S text:1,992 shift:(0,7) bar:2018 at:2045 fontsize:S text:2,045 shift:(0,6) bar:2019 bar:2020 bar:2021 bar:2022 bar:2023 bar:2024 bar:2025 bar:2026 bar:2027 bar:2028 bar:2029 bar:2030 bar:2031 bar:2032 bar:2033 bar:2034 bar:2035 bar:2036 bar:2037 bar:2038 bar:2039 bar:2040 Source: Maddison Historical Statistics Project == Women in the economy ==

The informal economy, which is predominantly female, is broadly defined as a group of vulnerable individuals without protections in regards to their work. Women face a plethora of barriers specific to gender when attempting to access the formal economy of Uganda, and research revealed prejudice against lending to women in the informal sector. The agriculture sector of the Ugandan economy, which composes roughly 40% of the country's GDP, is largely fulfilled by women laborers, especially in managing products, marketing, and the crop sub-sector.'''''' 76% of women work in the agriculture sector and roughly 66% of men do, and women provide for 80% of food crops and 60% of traditional exports such as coffee or tea. Women are unable to enter into certain sectors, especially in the formal economy, due to the inability to provide substantial initial funding, and remain in the trade and service sectors of the economy. Comparatively, men dominate the more profitable sectors, such as manufacturing. Women are often undervalued in data compilation, particularly when considering their role in their domestic home lives. For example, women commonly match the contribution of their husbands to their familial income, if not provide more, when taking into consideration the value of their labor and the profits made from selling excess food.''' ==Data==