Edith Craig

Craig, nicknamed Edy, was born in 1869 at Gustardwood common in Hertfordshire. Her mother, Ellen Terry, was still married to George Frederic Watts when she left him to live with Edward William Godwin, in 1868. The family later lived in Fallows Green, Harpenden in Hertfordshire, a house designed by Godwin, until Terry left Godwin in 1875. In 1877 Terry married her second husband, Charles Clavering Wardell, an actor with the stage name Charles Kelly. Wardell was a kind stepfather, and Edith liked him very much, but he had a drinking problem. During the marriage, the children took the name Wardell. Terry and Wardell separated in 1881. Edith and her brother Edward changed their surname to Craig, partly to avoid the stigma of their illegitimate birth, after admiring Ailsa Craig, an island off the coast of Scotland, while there on holiday. She legally changed her name, and was baptised, Edith Ailsa Geraldine Craig (Geraldine after her godmother, Mrs Stephen Coleridge) in 1888. Craig was educated at Mrs Cole's school, a co-educational institution in Earls Court in London, and later studied at Dixton Manor in Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, under Elizabeth Malleson, who introduced her to the suffrage movement. She later attended the Royal Academy of Music and obtained a certificate in piano from Trinity College London. She trained as a pianist under Alexis Hollander in Berlin, Germany, from 1887 to 1890, but severe arthritis in her hands prevented Craig from pursuing a professional music career. ==Theatre career==

and Craig onstage at the Lyceum Theatre, c. 1895 Craig made her first appearance on the stage in 1878 during the run of Olivia at the Royal Court Theatre, in which her mother starred. She trained as a pianist under Alexis Hollander in Berlin, Germany, from 1887 to 1890. During the 1890s she became increasingly invloved in managing Ellen Terry's theatrical career and gained recognition for her historically accurate costumes. In addition to her costume work, during the 1890s, she began to take over managing her mother’s career. The plays in translation allowed the group to reach beyond the Actresses Franchise League and to be accepted into mainstream English theatre. Craig served as managing director and stage director, while Christabel Marshall served as secretary. Ellen Terry was the society's president, and the advisory committee included George Bernard Shaw and Gabrielle Enthoven. The Pioneer Players staged approximately 150 productions and played a role in expanding opportunities for women in theatre production. == Suffrage activism ==

Craig was actively involved in the women's suffrage movement, participating in the Actresses' Franchise League and the Women's Freedom League. It followed the concept of a morality play in which the main character, Woman, is confronted by the antagonist, Prejudice, who believes that men and women are not equal. Justice presides over the debate between Prejudice and Woman, as groups of great women process on stage as evidence of women's achievements in art, government, education, spiritual matters and battle. Craig directed each production of A Pageant and frequently performed the role of the French painter Rosa Bonheur. == Later theatre work ==

After the Pioneer Players closed in 1925, Craig worked with the British Little Theatre movement and directed productions in York, Leeds, Letchworth and Hampstead. In 1929, following the death of her mother, Craig converted an Elizabethan barn at Smallhythe Place into The Barn Theatre, where she staged annual productions of Shakespeare in memory of Terry. ==Personal life and death==

Early in life, Craig had two heterosexual relationships. Craig was reconciled with her brother some time before her death. From 1939 she was supported in running the house by the National Trust. Craig died of coronary thrombosis and chronic myocarditis on 27 March 1947 at Smallhythe Place while planning a Shakespeare festival in honor of her mother. On her death she left Smallhythe Place to the National Trust as a memorial to her mother. Her body was cremated. Marshall and Atwood are buried alongside each other at St John the Baptist's Church, Small Hythe. Craig's ashes were supposed to be buried there as well, but at the time of Marshall and Atwood's deaths the ashes got lost, and a memorial was placed in the cemetery instead. == Legacy ==

Craig is regarded as one of the earliest professional female stage directors in Britain and a major figure in feminist theatre history. After the death of her mother, Craig dictated her memoirs to her friend Vera Holme, known as Jacko. Holme wrote them down in a quarto notebook that was "lost in an attic" for decades and then sold to Ann Rachlin in 1978. They included Craig's reminiscences of her childhood and life with her mother, brother and Henry Irving. Rachlin published them in her book Edy was a Lady in 2011. Virginia Woolf is said to have used Edith Craig as a model for the character of Miss LaTrobe in her novel Between the Acts (1941). A play by David Hare, to premiere in 2025 and starring Ralph Fiennes as Henry Irving, Grace Pervades, explores the life of Irving, Terry, Craig and her brother Edward. ==Selected filmography==

• Her Greatest Performance (1916) • God and the Man (1918) • Victory and Peace (1918) • The God in the Garden (1921) • Fires of Fate (1923) • The Desert Sheik (1924) • Harmony Lane (1935) • Behind the Headlines (1937) ==Sources==