Buckingham was born in Boston, the daughter of Edward Marshall Buckingham and Alice Darracott Nason Buckingham. Her father and grandfather were both Harvard-trained physicians. Her sister Margaret married biochemist Addison Gulick. She attended
Girls Latin School and the Curtis-Peabody School. She attended Radcliffe College, graduating in 1902, and was president of the Radcliffe Science Club. In 1910, Buckingham became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in zoology at Radcliffe, with a dissertation titled "Division of Labor among Ants" (1911). Her supervisor was
Edward Laurens Mark at
Harvard Zoological Laboratory. In connection with that project, she also wrote "A Light-Weight, Portable Outfit for the Study and Transportation of Ants" (1909), published in
The American Naturalist. == Career ==