Edward H. Shortliffe

Shortliffe grew up in Edmonton, Alberta, until his family moved to Connecticut when he was 6. He attended the Loomis School in Connecticut (now Loomis Chaffee School) and later Gresham's School in the United Kingdom. His father was a physician and hospital administrator; his mother, an English teacher. He has one brother and one sister. As an undergraduate at Harvard, he started working in the computer laboratory of G. Octo Barnett at Massachusetts General Hospital and realized that he could have a career spanning both medicine and computing. After receiving an AB in applied mathematics magna cum laude from Harvard College in 1970, he received an M.D. (1976) and Ph.D. in Medical Information Systems (1975) from Stanford University, with a dissertation on the MYCIN system, for which he also won the 1976 Grace Murray Hopper Award for outstanding computer scientists under the age of 30. He completed internal medicine house-staff training from 1976 to 1979 at Massachusetts General Hospital and Stanford Hospital. In 1979 he joined the Stanford faculty in internal medicine and computer science, where he directed the Stanford University Medical EXpertimental computer resource (SUMEX) and subsequently the Center for Advanced Medical Informatics at Stanford (CAMIS), continuing his work on expert systems, including ONCOCIN (an oncology decision support program), T-HELPER, and other projects in the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project. He also simultaneously served as chief of general internal medicine and associate chair of medicine for primary care, and was principal investigator of the InterMed Collaboratory, which developed the science of computable guidelines for medical decision support. In 1980 he founded one of the earliest formal degree programs in biomedical informatics at Stanford University, emphasizing a rigorous and experimentalist approach. From 2003 to 2007 he served on the Board of Directors of Medco Health Solutions, a large pharmacy benefits manager headquartered in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey. In 2000 he moved to Columbia University as chair of the department of biomedical informatics, deputy vice president (Columbia University Medical Center), senior associate dean for strategic information resources (College of Physicians and Surgeons), professor of medicine, professor of computer science, and director of medical informatics services for the New York-Presbyterian Hospital. He continued work on decision support guidelines including the development of the Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF3). From March 2007 until May 2008 he served as the founding dean of the Phoenix campus of the University of Arizona's College of Medicine and from November 2009 to October 2011 he served as professor in the School of Biomedical Informatics at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center in Houston, Texas. He has served as president and chief executive officer of the American Medical Informatics Association from 2009 to 2012 and continues to hold adjunct faculty appointments in biomedical informatics at Columbia University and Arizona State University. == Advisory activities ==

At age 39, Shortliffe was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the United States National Academy of Sciences (where he has served on the IOM executive council). He is also an elected member or fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, and the American Clinical and Climatological Association. He is a founding member of the American Medical Informatics Association and was one of five founding fellows of the American College of Medical Informatics. He is a master of the American College of Physicians and was a member of that organization's Board of Regents from 1996 to 2002. He is editor-in-chief of the Journal of Biomedical Informatics and serves on the editorial boards for several other biomedical informatics publications. He has served on the oversight committee for the Division of Engineering and Physical Sciences (National Academy of Sciences) and the Biomedical Informatics Expert Panel (National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health). He also served on the National Committee for Vital and Health Statistics (NCVHS) and on the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee. Earlier he served on the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (National Research Council), the Biomedical Library Review Committee (National Library of Medicine), and was recipient of a research career development award from the latter agency. In 2015, he chaired a campaign to raise funds for a new AMIA Doctoral Dissertation Award, highlighting the best doctoral theses in the field of biomedical informatics. The first dissertation awards were made in 2017. He is the author of more than 300 publications including seven books. == Honors ==

• Morris F. Collen Award for Distinguished Contributions to Medical Informatics, American Medical Informatics Association, November 2006 • Appointed Rolf H. Scholdager Professor of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, June 2005 • National Associate, National Academies, Washington, DC, December 2004. • Mastership, American College of Physicians, November 2002 • Young Investigator Award, Western Society for Clinical Investigation, February 1987. • Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Faculty Scholar in General Internal Medicine, July 1983—June 1988. • Research Career Development Award, National Library of Medicine, July 1979—June 1984. • Grace Murray Hopper Award (Distinguished computer scientist under age 30), Association for Computing Machinery, October 1976. == Books and Representative Papers ==

• Shortliffe, E.H. Computer-Based Medical Consultations: MYCIN, Elsevier/North Holland, New York, 1976. (Japanese-language version by Bunkodo Blue Books, Tokyo, 1981, translated by T. Kaminuma) • Buchanan, B.G. and Shortliffe, E.H. (eds). Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984. See http://aaai.org/AITopics/RuleBasedExpertSystems. • Clancey, W.J. and Shortliffe, E.H. (eds). Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence: The First Decade. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984. See http://aaai.org/AITopics/ReadingsInMedicalArtificialIntelligence. • Shortliffe, E.H., Wulfman, C.E., Rindfleisch, T.C., and Carlson, R.W. An Integrated Oncology Workstation. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 1991. [Received the 1991-92 Award of Excellence from The Society for Technical Communication.] • Shortliffe, E.H. (ed) and Cimino, J.J. (assoc. ed.). Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2006. (3rd edition; 2nd edition in 2000; 1st edition in 1990 (Addison Wesley)). • Boxwala AA, Peleg M, Tu S, Ogunyemi O, Zeng QT, Wang D, Patel VL, Greenes RA, Shortliffe EH. `GLIF3: a representation format for sharable computer-interpretable clinical practice guidelines.' Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2004;37(3):147-161. • Shortliffe, E.H. and Buchanan, B.G. A model of inexact reasoning in medicine. Math. Biosci. 1975;23:351-379. • Duda, R.O. and Shortliffe, E.H. Expert systems research. Science, 1983;220:261-268. • Greenes, R.A. and Shortliffe, E.H. Medical informatics: an emerging academic discipline and institutional priority. JAMA 1990;263:1114-1120. See http://jama.jamanetwork.com/pdfaccess.ashx?ResourceID=517040&PDFSource=13 • Detmer, W.M. and Shortliffe, E.H. Using the Internet to improve knowledge diffusion in medicine. Commun ACM, 1997;40(8):101-108. • Shortliffe EH. Strategic Action in Health Information Technology: Why the Obvious Has Taken So Long. Health Affairs 2005;24:1222-1233. • Shortliffe EH. Biomedical informatics in the education of physicians. J Am Med Assoc 2010:304(11):1227-1228. == References ==