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Elaiosome

Elaiosomes are fleshy structures that are attached to the seeds of many plant species. The elaiosome is rich in lipids and proteins, and may be variously shaped. Many plants have elaiosomes that attract ants, which take the seed to their nest and feed the elaiosome to their larvae. After the larvae have consumed the elaiosome, the ants take the seed to their waste disposal area, which is rich in nutrients from the ant frass and dead bodies, where the seeds germinate. This type of seed dispersal is termed myrmecochory from the Greek "ant" (myrmex) and "circular dance" (khoreíā). This type of symbiotic relationship appears to be mutualistic, more specifically dispersive mutualism according to Ricklefs, R.E. (2001), as the plant benefits because its seeds are dispersed to favorable germination sites, and also because it is planted by the ants.

Caruncle
'' (Castor beans) The particular elaiosome in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae is called caruncle (Latin caruncula "wart"). Seeds that have caruncles are carunculate; seeds that do not have caruncles are ecarunculate. ==List==
List
A fully referenced current list of plants that have seeds with elaiosomes can be found in Lengyel et al. (2010). • Chelidonium majus (greater celandine) • Claytonia virginicaCnidoscolus urensCorydalisDicentra (bleeding-heart, Dutchman's breeches) • Hyacinthus (hyacinth) • Myrtus (myrtle) • Ricinus communis (castor oil plant) • Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) • TrilliumViola (violet) ==See also==
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