Fontham became the associate director of cancer prevention and control at the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center at
Louisiana State University (LSU) in 1996. Also that year, she became a professor of pathology at the LSU Health Sciences Center School of Medicine. From 1998 to 2003, she was chairman of the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center's Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and remains a professor in this department. She is also the founding dean of the LSU Health Sciences Center School of Public Health. She directed this department's epidemiology program from 2003 to 2004. In 2008, she was named president of the
American Cancer Society, becoming the first non-physician to hold this position in the organization's history. Prior to this appointment, she served as a member of the
National Cancer Institute's Board of Scientific Counselors. ==Research==