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Embryological origins of the mouth and anus

The embryological origin of the mouth and anus is an important characteristic, and forms the morphological basis for separating bilaterian animals into two natural groupings: the protostomes and deuterostomes.

Evolutionary origin
Bilaterians likely evolved from an ancestor that was radially symmetrical. There have been suggestions that the blastopore started out as the digestive surface on a radial organism that became elongated (and thus bilaterally symmetrical) before its sides closed over to leave a mouth at the front and an anus at the rear. The story is a little more complex, because the blastopore itself does not directly give rise to the mouth of these worms. In humans (a deuterostome), the development proceeds differently. The buccopharyngeal membrane is created in the foregut and is perforated during the fourth week of human development, creating the primitive mouth, whereas the cloacal membrane is created in the hindgut and is perforated during the eighth week of human development, creating the primitive anus after the mouth opening has already been created. ==See also==
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