After his mother's death, Emperor Zhang continued to be a diligent emperor, but within the palace, there was much struggle between Empress Dou and the other imperial consorts, which would create political instability down the line. While Empress Dowager Ma was alive, she selected two daughters of Song Yang () as consorts for Emperor Zhang. In 78, the elder Consort Song gave birth to a son named
Liu Qing, and because Empress Dou was sonless, Prince Qing was made crown prince on the recommendation of Empress Dowager Ma in 79 . The Consorts Song were greatly favored by Empress Dowager Ma. Later in 79, however, Empress Dou would (perhaps remembering Empress Dowager Ma's example) adopt the son of another imperial consort,
Consort Liang,
Liu Zhao, as her own son, and she plotted, along with her mother Princess Piyang and her brothers, to have her adopted son made crown prince. After Empress Dowager Ma's death, she put her plan into action. She had her brothers collect dossiers on faults of the Song clan while bribing the servants and eunuchs of Consorts Song to gather their own faults. In 82, an opportunity came for Empress Dou. The elder Consort Song had become ill, and in her illness, she craved raw
cuscuta, and she requested that her family bring them. Empress Dou seized the cuscuta and falsely accused Consort Song of using it for witchcraft. Emperor Zhang was enraged and expelled Crown Prince Qing from the palace. He had the Consorts Song arrested and interrogated by the eunuch
Cai Lun. The Consorts Song saw that they were in deep straits, and they committed suicide by poison. Crown Prince Qing was deposed and created the Prince of Qinghe instead; he was replaced by Prince Zhao as crown prince. Prince Zhao, however, was friendly to his brother, and they often spent time together. The Song sisters would not be Empress Dou's only victims. After Prince Zhao was made crown prince, his birth mother's clan, the Liangs, did not dare to openly celebrate, but were secretly happy. When the Dou clan heard of this, they were displeased and fearful, and they felt that they had to destroy the Liangs. Empress Dou began to give false reports about Prince Zhao's birth mother, Consort Liang, and her sister, also an imperial consort, and they lost Emperor Zhang's favor. In 83, the Dous further submitted false anonymous accusations against the Consorts Liang's father Liang Song (), causing him to die in prison. The Consorts Liang died of sadness and fear. The Dous, having made these power play, would eventually gain their goals of becoming even more powerful than they were. Also in 83, Emperor Zhang, having seen that his Ma cousins were not following the law, stopped favoring his Ma uncles, and eventually sent them back to their
marches. Empress Dou's brothers
Dou Xian and Dou Du () effectively took over in the power structure – the first time in Han history that the empress' clan, rather than the empress dowager's clan, was the most powerful
consort clan. This trend held sway for the rest of Eastern Han dynasty and would prove to be a source of corruption. In short, the Dou clan were the recipients of special favor and affection; rewards and grants were bestowed upon them repeatedly, and their prestige and status increased day by day, to such an extent that among the imperial princes, princesses, and even great aristocratic families such as the Yin clan and the Ma clan, there was no one who did not fear them. Empress Dou enjoyed particular favor, and her position within the women’s court (the inner palace) was firmly and exclusively secured. == Late reign ==