Emporia State's basketball program was founded in 1901, thirty-eight years after the university was founded. Since 1901, the Hornets have belonged to six conferences. When the school was a
National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, they participated in the
Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference,
Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference,
Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference,
Great Plains Athletic Conference, and the Central States Intercollegiate Conference. When the university was recognized as an NCAA Division II school in 1991, they joined the
Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA).
1901–1918 Earl Carney was the first coach, earning a 10–29 record over six seasons from 1901 to 1907. For the next two seasons, Paul Sampson took over the helm of the program, compiling a 20–8 record. Following Sampson was
Fred Honhart for three seasons, who led the Normals (as the school's teams were known until 1921) to a 27–10 record from 1909 to 1912. Due to
World War I, Emporia State did not have a team from 1918 to 1920. Fish led the Hornets to six conference championships, tied for another, and made six appearances in the NAIA national tournament, placing fourth in 1946 and 1964. While at ESU, Fish also served as the president of the NAIA in 1955 and helped establish the NAIA track & field program. In 1960, Fish assisted with the U.S. Olympic basketball team as well as became a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame. Until 1990, Fish was the all-time winningest coach at Emporia State. Ron Slaymaker took over the program when Gus Fish retired in 1970. Slaymaker is the winningest coach in Emporia State history, with a record of 452–348 (). After coaching for 28 years, Slaymaker's teams won a conference title five times and a district championship on four occasions. In 1986, his 31–5 record led him to be named the National Coach of the Year in the NAIA. He earned Coach of the Year for District 10 six times. Slaymaker served as an assistant coach for the U.S. Olympic Festival and the World University Games in the late 1980s. Slaymaker served as a member of the 1988 Olympic Basketball Selection Committee. He also led Emporia State to four NAIA National Tournament appearances. After going 33–49 at Emporia State in three years, his contract was not renewed in 2001. Following Comstock was
David Moe, son of former NBA player and coach,
Doug Moe. In his ten seasons from 2001 to 2011, he led ESU to the NCAA Tournament in 2004 and 2007 and is one of just three coaches to take his team to every MIAA Post Season Tournament held in Kansas City. Those teams advanced to the semifinals of the tournament in four of the last six years. Moe is third most winningest coach in ESU history behind ESU Hall of Honor members Gus Fish and Ron Slaymaker, with a record of 162–126.
Former pro player takes over: 2011–2018 In April 2011,
Shaun Vandiver was hired as Emporia State's next coach. Vandiver returned to Wyoming as an assistant coach in April 2018. Vandiver ended with an overall record of 87–111, and a record of 51–90 in the MIAA.
Three-time national champion takes reigns: 2018–present In April 2018,
Craig Doty, a three-time national championship coach, was hired as Emporia State's next coach. Under his direction, the Hornets returned to the NCAA Tournament in 2023 for the first time since 2007. Following the 2023–24 season, Doty resigned to take over the program at NCAA DI member Houston Christian. Doty departed as the only head coach in program history to lead the team to four consecutive seasons at .500 or better in MIAA play. ==Record vs. MIAA opponents==