Vanguard was a 40-gun ship of the English Navy Royal, built by Phineas Pett and launched in 1631 at Woolwich Dockyard, and was the second vessel to bear the name. Officially she was rebuilt from the first Vanguard, but likely only shared some of the timber and fittings from the previous ship. In 1649, she became part of the Navy of the English Commonwealth, and in this capacity she served in the First Anglo-Dutch War, taking part in Sir George Ayscue's Action on 16 August 1652, the Battle of the Kentish Knock on 28 September 1652, the Battle of Portland on 18 February 1653, and as flagship of Vice-Admiral Joseph Jordan at both the Battle of the Gabbard on 2-3 June 1653 and the Battle of Scheveningen on 31 July 1653. In May 1660 she was taken into the new Royal Navy formed at the Stuart Restoration, becoming HMS Vanguard, by when her armament had been increased to 56 guns.