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Paleobiota of Monte Bolca

The Eocene-aged Monte Bolca fossil site near Verona, Italy was one of the first lagerstatte to be discovered to science, and still has one of the most prominent vertebrate faunas of all Cenozoic lagerstatte. It has the highest fish diversity of all known Cenozoic fossil sites, with many fossils having extremely detailed preservation. In addition, a very high diversity of marine invertebrates & land plants and a small number of land vertebrates are also known.

Cartilaginous fishes
Based on Marrama et al, 2021: Chimaeras Sharks An alleged specimen from Bolca of the otherwise Cretaceous shark Mesiteia emiliae has been found to actually originate from the Sannine Formation of Lebanon. Rays == Ray-finned fishes ==
Ray-finned fishes
Primarily based on Papazzoni et al. 2014, with more recent taxa also added. Taxonomic order and arrangement based on ''Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes'' (2025): Pycnodontiformes Crossognathiformes Osteoglossiformes Anguilliformes Clupeiformes Ellimmichthyiformes Gonorynchiformes Otophysi Aulopiformes Lampriformes Zeiformes Holocentriformes Ophidiiformes Gobiiformes Blenniiformes Atheriniformes Beloniformes Carangiformes Syngnathiformes Scombriformes Labriformes Perciformes Acropomatiformes Acanthuriformes Lophiiformes Tetraodontiformes Percomorpha incertae sedis Acanthomorpha incertae sedis == Reptiles ==
Reptiles
Based on Seghetti et al, 2022: Crocodilia A record of "C. cf. vicetinus" that is now assigned to Diplocynodon is thought to actually originate from the Oligocene-aged Monteviale site, as opposed to Bolca. Testudines Squamata == Brachiopoda ==
Annelida
The genus Sthenelaites, formerly interpreted as a bristleworm, is now thought to represent a fossilized green algae in the Dasycladaceae. == Arthropods ==
Arthropods
Arachnida Crustacea Insecta Odonata Orthoptera Hemiptera Diptera == Cnidaria ==
Plantae
Based on Massalongo (1859), though many taxa are form taxa, highly dubious or nomina nuda, and/or use outdated taxonomy: Red algae Green algae Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Monocots "Dicots" Incertae sedis == Chromista ==
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