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Entelognathus

Entelognathus primordialis is an early placoderm from the late Silurian of Qujing, Yunnan, 419 million years ago. A team led by Min Zhu of the Academy of Sciences' Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing discovered the intact, articulated fossil in rock formations at Xiaoxiang reservoir.

Specimen and taxonomy
The holotype of E. primordialis is the uncrushed and mostly intact anterior half of an individual with the articulating head and trunk armor preserved in three dimensions. The holotype is about long, and the live animal is estimated to have been over long. In overall form, the animal resembles primitive arthrodires, but the anatomy of the jaws strongly suggests the anatomies of bony fish and tetrapods. Specifically, this is the first stem gnathostome with dermal marginal jaw bones. These bones are the premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary. The researchers' cladistic diagram suggests that E. primordialis forms a polytomy with arthrodires, ptyctodonts, and all advanced gnathostomes (namely bony fish, tetrapods, acanthodians, and chondrichthyes). ==Etymology==
Etymology
The generic name translates as "complete jaw", referring to how the animal had a complete set of dermal marginal jaw bones. The specific name translates as "primordial". ==Evolutionary significance==
Evolutionary significance
Prior to the discovery of Entelognathus, scientists assumed that the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates was a shark-like animal, with no distinct jawbones, and that modern jaws evolved in early bony fishes. This discovery shows that modern jaws evolved earlier. It is possible that Chondrichthyes started with distinct jaws and then dispensed with them. This has been called the earliest known animal with what looks like a face. == Gallery ==
Gallery
File:Maxillate placoderms lateral view diagram.png|Diagram with other maxillate placoderms in lateral view File:Maxillate placoderms dorsal view diagram.png|Diagram with other maxillate placoderms in dorsal view File:Life restoration of Sparalepis tingi.tiff|Pair (middle background) among fauna from the Kuanti Formation including Sparalepis tingi (foreground), numerous conodonts, and Megamastax (background) File:Video of the 3D reconstruction of Entelognathus primordialis.webm|Video of 3D reconstruction == See also ==
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