Epidermal differentiation complex

The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) is a gene complex comprising over fifty genes encoding proteins involved in the terminal differentiation and cornification of keratinocytes, the primary cell type of the epidermis. In humans, the complex is located on a 1.9 Mbp stretch within chromosome 1q21. The proteins encoded by EDC genes are closely related in terms of function, and evolutionarily they belong to three distinct gene families: the cornified envelope precursor family, the S100 protein family and the S100 fused type protein (SFTP) family.

History

The epidermal differentiation complex was first described in 1993, The number rose to 43 in 2002, and by 2012 a total of 57 genes were considered part of the complex. ==EDC genes==

EDC genes

Cornified envelope precursor family As its name implies, the cornified envelope (CE) precursor family includes genes that encode the proteins forming the CE. The CE is a cross-linked matrix that surrounds terminally differentiated squamous keratinocytes after a process known as cornification. CE precursor proteins are cross-linked by transglutaminases. Like S100 proteins, SFTPs contain two calcium-binding EF-hand motifs. • filaggrin (FLG) • filaggrin-2 (FLG2) • trichohyalin (TCHH) • trichohyalin-like 1 (TCHHL1) • cornulin (CRNN) • repetin (RPTN) • hornerin (HRNR) ==Regulation of EDC gene expression==

Regulation of EDC gene expression

EDC genes are transcriptionally controlled by various transcription factors such as krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), GATA3, grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and NRF2. ==References==

Source: Wikipedia ↗

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