Placement within Bovini }} The majority of phylogenetic work based on
ribosomal DNA,
chromosomal analysis, autosomal
introns and
mitochondrial DNA has recovered three distinctive subtribes of
Bovini: Pseudorygina (represent solely by the
saola),
Bubalina (buffalo), and Bovina. In addition to recognizing
Bos and
Bison, he assigned the several Asiatic tropical species such as
gaur and
banteng into the genus
Bibos. The
kouprey was not included in Simpson's taxonomy, Another study by Hassanin et al. (2013) using autosomal
introns found support in the bison-yak clade. These phylogenetic studies led Groves and Grubb (2011), who conducted large scale taxonomic analysis on the world's ungulate species, to recommend classifying the two bison species as members of the genus
Bos. According to the fossil record and molecular studies, Bubalina and Bovina diverged from a common ancestor around 13.7 million years ago in the
Late Miocene. Both lineages then left Africa and into Eurasia at the end of the Pliocene. While
Bos inhabited much of Eurasia, some species of
Bison had colonized North America by crossing over the
Bering Land Bridge in two waves, the first being 135,000 to 195,000 years ago and the second being 21,000 to 45,000 years ago. Below is the list of fossil species that have been described so far (listed alphabetically): •
Subtribe Bovina (Gray, 1821) • Genus †
Adjiderebos (Dubrovo & Burchak-Abramovich, 1984) • †
Adjiderebos cantabilis (Dubrovo & Burchak-Abramovich, 1984) • Genus
Bison (Hamilton-Smith, 1827) • †
Bison antiquus (Leidy, 1852) • †
Bison georgicus (Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua, 1994) • †
Bison hanaizumiensis (Matsumoto & Mori, 1956) • †
Bison latifrons (Harlan, 1825) • †
Bison menneri (Sher, 1997) • †
Bison palaeosinensis (Teilhard & Piveteau, 1930) • †
Bison priscus (Bojanus, 1827) • †
Bison schoetensacki (Freudenberg, 1914) • †
Bison sivalensis (Falconer, 1878) • †
Bison tamanensis (Vereshchagin, 1959) • †
Bison voigtstedtensis (Fischer, 1965) • Genus
Bos (Linnaeus, 1758) • Subgenus
Bos (Linnaeus, 1758) • †
Bos acutifrons (Lydekker, 1877) • †
Bos buiaensis (Martínez-Navarro
et al., 2009) • †
Bos caucasicus (Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua, 1980) • †
Bos planifrons (Lydekker, 1877) • Subgenus
Bibos • †
Bos palaesondaicus (Dubois, 1908) • Subgenus
Poephagus (Gray, 1843) • †
Bos baikalensis (Verestchagin, 1954) • Genus †
Epileptobos (Hooijer, 1956) • †
Epileptobos groeneveldtii (Dubois, 1908) • Genus †
Ioribos (Vekua, 1972) • †
Ioribos aceros (Vekua, 1972) • Genus †
Leptobos (Rütimeyer, 1877) • Subgenus †
Leptobos (Rütimeyer, 1877) • †
Leptobos elatus (Croizet & Pomel, 1853) • †
Leptobos falconeri (Rütimeyer, 1877) • †
Leptobos furtivus (Duvernois & Guérin, 1989) • Subgenus †
Smertiobos (Duvernois, 1992) • †
Leptobos bravardi (Duvernois, 1989) • †
Leptobos brevicornis (Hu & Qi, 1975) • †
Leptobos crassus (Jia & Wang, 1978) • †
Leptobos etruscus (Falconer, 1859) • Genus †
Pelorovis (Reck, 1928) • †
Pelorovis howelli (Hadjouis & Sahnouni, 2006) • †
Pelorovis kaisensis (Geraads & Thomas, 1994) • †
Pelorovis oldowayensis (Reck, 1928) • †
Pelorovis praeafricanus (Arambourg, 1979) • †
Pelorovis turkanensis (Harris, 1991) • Genus †
Platycerabos (Barbour & Schultz, 1942) • †
Platycerabos dodsoni (Barbour & Schultz, 1941) • Genus †
Protobison (Burchak-Abramovich, Gadzhiev & Vekua, 1980) • †
Protobison kushkunensis (Burchak-Abramovich, Gadzhiev & Vekua, 1980) • Genus †
Urmiabos (Burchak-Abramovich, 1950) • †
Urmiabos azerbaidzanicus (Burchak-Abramovich, 1950) • Genus †
Yakopsis (Kretzoi, 1954) • †
Yakopsis stenometopon (Rütimeyer, 1865) ==References==