Epinephelus epistictus

The dotted grouper has a body which has a standard length which is around three times its depth. The dorsal profile of the head is a little convex as is the area between the eyes. The preopercle is serrated and projects at its angle where the serrations are enlarged. The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 14-15 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays. This species has a maximum total length of , although around is more common, and a maximum weight of . ==Distribution==

The dotted grouper is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It has a discontinuous distribution which extends from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, the coast of East Africa off Eritrea, Kenya, Zanzibar ==Habitat and biology==

The dotted grouper prefers deeper waters at depths of and is found over rocky and sandy substrates. ==Taxonomy==

The dotted grouper was first formally described as Serranus epistictus in 1842 by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778-1858) and his student, the German ichthyologist Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884), with the type locality given as Nagasaki. There are some differences in counts of lateral line scales and in the size of the spots and their distribution in fish from the Indian Ocean compared to those taken in the Pacific Ocean. ==Utlisation==

The dotted grouper is fished for by artisanal and commercial fisheries in Asia. ==Influence==

The dotted grouper is one of the many known and commonly found grouper species in Cebu, Philippines, where it is given the term Kinsan. Dotted groupers are plentiful in the waters off the coast of Aloguinsan, Cebu. The town's economy, which heavily revolves around fishing, is dependent on most of its catch from the dotted grouper. The town itself was named after the local term of the fish, which the natives thought was the head of the dotted grouper or Ulo sa Kinsan that the Spaniards were referring to, upon which the Spaniards identified the kingdom as "Aloguinsan". As a form of thanksgiving for the abundance of the said grouper fish and as a movement for eco-tourism, the town established a festival named after the dotted grouper. The Kinsan Festival has since become an official festival of Cebu. It is celebrated on the local feast of the town's patron saint, St. Raphael the Archangel, every 2nd Sunday of June.. ==References==