While the formulations can vary, most Essiac formulations contain
burdock root,
turkey rhubarb root,
sheep sorrel and
slippery elm. From the 1920s through the 1970s, Essiac was promoted as a cancer treatment by Rene Caisse, a Canadian nurse who invented the formula. Caisse claimed at some times that the formula had been given to her by an
Ontario Ojibwa patient she treated, However, there are multiple factors that indicate the formula is not from any Native American or First Nations culture. Notably, in the original recipe, only one of the plants in the mixture,
slippery elm, is indigenous to the Americas; none of the other herbs are native to North America. As a result, both the U.S. and Canadian governments refused to approve Essiac as a medical treatment. Essiac was instead marketed by Essiac Products Inc. and others as a
dietary supplement, subject to much looser regulation and not required to show any proof of effectiveness. ==Effectiveness==