Ethnocide

Ethnocide is the extermination or destruction of ethnic identities. Bartolomé Clavero differentiates ethnocide from genocide by stating that "Genocide kills people while ethnocide kills social cultures through the killing of individual souls". According to Martin Shaw, ethnocide is a core part of physically violent genocide. Some substitute cultural genocide for ethnocide, and other argue the distinction between ethnicity and culture. Cultural genocide and ethnocide have been used in different contexts. While the terms "ethnocide" and "ethnic cleansing" are similar, the intentions of their use vary. The term "ethnic cleansing" has been criticized as a euphemism that facilitates genocide denial by minimizing atrocities. In contrast, "ethnocide" acts as a critical tool of recognition, used by marginalized groups to assert that the destruction of their culture is a crime of genocidal proportions.

Origin of the word

Raphael Lemkin, the lawyer who coined genocide in 1943 as the union of "the Greek word genos (race, tribe) and the Latin cide (killing)", also suggested ethnocide as an alternative form representing the same concept, using the Greek ethnos (nation) in place of genos. However, the term genocide has received much wider adoption than ethnocide. ==Usage==

Usage

As early as 1933, the lawyer Raphael Lemkin proposed that genocide had a cultural component, a component which he called "cultural genocide." ==Notions of ethnocide==

Notions of ethnocide

UNESCO In UNESCO's "Declaration of San Jose": In the Declaration of San José, UNESCO also addresses and works to define ethnocide. UNESCO defines the term as follows: Robert Jaulin The French ethnologist Robert Jaulin (1928-1996) proposed a redefinition of the concept of ethnocide in 1970, to refer not the means but the ends that define ethnocide. Barry Sautman Barry Victor Sautman is a professor with the Division of Social Science at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.The "intent that underlies ethnocide is not the same intent as the intent of cultural genocide, for the same reason that it is not tied to physical or biological destruction of a group. The intent is therefore typically aimed at forced assimilation and not on population decimation. Thus the intent that underlies ethnocide is an intentional act resulting in cultural death" == Contemporary examples ==

Contemporary examples

The destruction by Azerbaijan of thousands of medieval Armenian Churches, khachkars and gravestones in Nakhchivan and elsewhere – and Azerbaijan's denial that these sites have ever existed – has been cited as an example of cultural genocide or ethnocide. ==See also==

Source: Wikipedia ↗

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