Eucharistic miracle of Lanciano

The first known reports of the event date to 1574 and do not specify the exact year in which it would have occurred, but some believe that certain historical circumstances allow it to be placed chronologically eight centuries earlier, between 730 and 750. The Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian, who reigned from 717 to 741, implemented a strict policy against religious images by promulgating an edict in 730 ordering their destruction. Mosaics and frescoes were destroyed with hammers, icons were thrown into the fire and several Greek monks were killed. As a consequence, many religious people, including numerous Basilian monks, took refuge in Italy. The miracle is described as follows: In the city of Lanciano, Italy, then known as Anxanum, some time in the 700s, a Basilian hieromonk was assigned to celebrate Mass at the monastery of St. Longinus. Celebrating in the Roman Rite and using unleavened bread, the monk had doubts about the Catholic doctrine of the real presence. During the Mass, when he said the Words of Consecration ("This is my body. This is my blood"), the priest saw the bread change into living flesh and the wine change into blood, which coagulated into five globules, of different shapes and sizes. Since there are no contemporary sources, the details and not even the name of the protagonist of the events are known; however, some sources give the idea that he must have been a priest of the Byzantine rite and a Basilian monk. ==Relics==

The Basilian monks purportedly kept custody of the Eucharistic elements until their departure in 1175. They were succeeded by Benedictine monks in 1176. The items were placed in different locations within the Church of St. Francis in Lanciano. They were kept in the Valsecca Chapel from 1636 until 1902 when they were relocated to a new altar. As of 2012, the relics of this miracle are kept in the Church of St. Francis in Lanciano. In 2004, Pope John Paul II recalled visiting the relics there while a cardinal. They are displayed in a silver and glass reliquary made in Naples in 1713. The host matter consists of a rounded membrane, yellow-brown in colour, with a shading of greater intensity, and contains a large central hole; it is identified with the flesh. The wine matter comes in the form of five earthy brown lumps of different shapes and sizes, claimed to be the coagulated blood. Over the centuries the relics were examined several times. During the first reconnaissance, carried out in 1574 by Archbishop Gaspare Rodriguez, it was said that the weight of each blood clot was equal to the total weight of the five clots. This supernatural claim had a theological meaning: Each drop of the consecrated wine contained in its entirety the complete and indivisible substance of the blood of Jesus. == Analysis and authenticity ==

1574 analysis Archbishop Gaspare Rodriguez investigated the relics in 1574, weighing the blood clots. Supposed World Health Organization report In the 2000s, some sources reported that in 1973 the World Health Organization (WHO) had appointed a scientific commission to study the Lanciano relic, and in 1976 they published a report confirming the scientific inexplicability of the relic. Cardiologist Franco Serafini investigated this supposed report, finding a copy possessed by clerics in Lanciano. He found it to be a fraud that combined some relevant details about the Lanciano miracle with unrelated material about Egyptian mummies. Historical analysis Silvano Fuso, a member of the Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims of the Pseudosciences, criticized the authenticity of the miracle claim by emphasizing there are no sources older than 1574 for an event of the eighth century. ==References==