Eudamidas was the son of king
Archidamus III () and grandson of Agesilaus II () who belonged to the
Eurypontid dynasty, one of the two royal families of Sparta (the other being the Agiads). His mother was Deinicha, probably the daughter of Eudamidas, himself brother of
Phoebidas, a Spartan commander who captured the
acropolis of
Thebes in 382. As Phoebidas was a friend of Agesilaus II, the king had arranged the marriage of his son Archidamus with his friend's niece, which explains how the name Eudamidas entered the catalogue of names of the Eurypontids. Archidamus had two other sons beside Eudamidas; the eldest was king
Agis III () and the third one was Agesilaus. Considering the prestige of the latter's name, it has been suggested that he was the second son and Eudamidas the youngest. It would therefore means that Agesilaus died in 331 together with Agis III at the
Battle of Megalopolis, which prompted Eudamidas' accession to the throne. Eudamidas' reign was peaceful and uneventful. In 323, he notably refused to join other Greek states in their
revolt against Macedonia, which dominated Greece since the
Battle of Chaeronea in 338, but was shaken by the death of
Alexander the Great. Sparta at the time was still recovering from its disastrous defeat at Megalopolis in 331, after which Macedonia additionally kept 50 Spartan hostages. Moreover, the Greek coalition was led by
Athens, which had refused to join Agis III in 331, and counted Sparta's bitter enemies
Argos and
Messene. During his reign, perhaps at the occasion of the raid of
Cassander (the Macedonian regent) to
Messenia in 317, Sparta built its first city-wall, while it had hitherto relied on its military might to fend-off enemies. Although the wall was merely a palisade, it shows that Sparta's power had seriously waned at the end of the fourth century. Eudamidas might nevertheless have passively resisted against Macedonia, as in 314 he let
Antigonos Monophtalmos recruit mercenaries at
Tenarion (within Spartan territory) in order to wage war against Cassander. Eudamidas visited Athens when
Xenocrates was the head of the
Academy (between 339 and 314). The reason of his visit was probably diplomacy, but
Plutarch reports that Eudamidas actually discussed philosophy with Xenocrates there, a stark contrast from the military role hitherto assumed by the Spartan kings. Eudamidas' date of death is not known. He was presumably still alive in 302, because
Diodorus of Sicily does not mention his death in his list of royal deaths for this year. As his book is fragmentary after this date, Eudamidas' death must have been mentioned in one of the text's subsequent
lacunae. He was certainly dead by 294, when his son
Archidamus IV is mentioned as king. Scholars usually place his death between c.302 and c.300. ==Notes==