The usage of the English language in other parts of
Europe spread through the 19th century, when the
British Empire inherited colonies elsewhere in Europe such as
Malta,
Cyprus,
Gibraltar,
Menorca,
Heligoland, and the
Ionian Islands, the latter three in modern-day
Spain,
Germany, and
Greece respectively. The term "Euro English" was first used by Carstensen in 1986 to denote the adoption of
anglicisms in Europe. The
enlargement of the European Union over several decades gradually diluted the influence of two of the EU's other non-English working languages of
German and
French. The use of English in
European Union institutions and the
European Free Trade Association, the development of
European Union law as identified in the "
Glossary of European Union concepts, acronyms, and jargon," the integration of international business and trade practices among member states, the influence of the
Legal English and
Business English registers, and the increased mistranslation and coinage of technical,
legal,
international business,
international relations, and
public policy jargon by non-native speakers of English has led to the development of Euro English. The development of the
international student exchange
Erasmus Programme, an
open borders travel policy establishing the
Schengen Area, and the establishment of a
customs union created a new class of mobile young people in Europe who needed a
lingua franca to communicate across Europe, and English usually filled that role. There is also a possibility of a Romance language replacing English. After the UK withdrew from the EU, the
Government of France wanted to encourage greater use of French as a working language. Mannoni (2021) found that both the Euro English as found in
European Union law, as well as legal
Chinese in
Mainland China, were 'hybrid languages'. == Style guides ==