The ENR has gone through several re-syntheses since its emergence in the late 1960s. The last attempt at a common doctrine dates back to the manifesto "The New Right in the year 2000". Its leading ideas were "the critique of
liberalism and of the
commodification of the world; the rejection of
individualism; an attachment to an
organicist and
communitarian view of society; the rejection of
egalitarianism and of the various forms of
monotheism from which it arose; the promotion of well-rooted
collective identities and of the "
right to difference"; the rejection of the
nation-state as a form and the promotion of a
federalist model that applies the principle of
subsidiarity; and a view of international relations based on the idea of a
multi-polar world in which Europe would be endowed with its own nationhood, apart from American
omnipotence, which is designated the chief enemy of the European peoples." According to
Jean-Yves Camus and
Nicolas Lebourg, the core idea of the ENR is their rejection of the "eradication of cultural identities", which has been caused in the ENR worldview by the principles of
standardization and
egalitarianism inherent to the concept of
human rights. Alain de Benoist denounces the "ideology of sameness" as the idea that both commodities and human beings are increasingly seen as identical and interchangeable. Some ENR thinkers, who belong to the
Völkisch leaning of the movement, highlight race and ethnicity as the core dimensions of their concept of "identity". This has led to violent rejection of "difference", Faye calling for a "total ethnic war", and
Pierre Vial for an "ethnic revolution" and a "war of liberation". == Critics ==