Evelyn Boyd Granville

Evelyn Boyd was born in Washington, D.C.; her father worked odd jobs due to the Great Depression but separated from her mother when Boyd was young. Boyd and her older sister were raised by her mother and aunt, who both worked at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. She was valedictorian at Dunbar High School, which at that time was a segregated but academically competitive school for black students in Washington. With financial support from her aunt and a small partial scholarship from Phi Delta Kappa, Boyd entered Smith College in the fall of 1941. She majored in mathematics and physics, but also took a keen interest in astronomy. She was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and to Sigma Xi and graduated summa cum laude in 1945. Encouraged by a graduate scholarship from the Smith Student Aid Society of Smith College, she applied to graduate programs in mathematics and was accepted by both Yale University and the University of Michigan; she chose Yale because of the financial aid they offered. There she studied functional analysis under the supervision of Einar Hille, earning a master's degree in 1946 and finishing her doctorate in 1949, both in mathematics. Her dissertation was "On Laguerre Series in the Complex Domain". ==Career==

Following graduate school, Boyd went to New York University Institute for Mathematics and performed research and teaching there. After, in 1950, she took a teaching position at Fisk University, a college for black students in Nashville, Tennessee (more prestigious postings being unavailable to black women). Two of her students there, Vivienne Malone-Mayes and Etta Zuber Falconer, went on to earn doctorates in mathematics of their own. But by 1952 she left academia and returned to Washington with a position at the Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratories. In January 1956, she moved to IBM as a computer programmer; when IBM received a NASA contract, she moved to Vanguard Computing Center in Washington, D.C. Boyd moved from Washington to New York City in 1957. In 1960, after marrying Reverend G. Mansfield Collins, Boyd moved to Los Angeles. There she worked for the U.S. Space Technology Laboratories, which became the North American Aviation Space and Information Systems Division in 1962. Forced to move because of a restructuring at IBM, The citation delivered at the 2007 MAA awards presentation, where Lee Lorch received a standing ovation, recorded: == Personal life ==

Boyd married Reverend Gamaliel Mansfield Collins in 1961. In 1967, Boyd and Collins divorced. She married realtor Edward V. Granville in 1970. After Edward passed, she returned to Washington, D.C. in 2010 and settled into retirement, "where she regularly bristled when she heard anyone say that "women can't do math"." Granville died at her apartment in Silver Spring, Maryland, on June 27, 2023, at the age of 99. The Evelyn Boyd Granville papers are located in Smith College's Special Collections, and were donated by Granville in 2015. ==Awards and honors==

In 1989, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by Smith College, the first one given by an American institution to an African-American woman mathematician. Granville was appointed to the Sam A. Lindsey Chair of the University of Texas at Tyler (1990-1991). In 1998, Granville was honoured by the National Academy of Engineering. In 1999, the United States National Academy of Sciences inducted her into its Portrait Collection of African-Americans in Science. In 2000, she was awarded the Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal, the Yale Graduate School Alumni Association's highest honour. In 2001, she was cited in the Virginia state senate's Joint Resolution No. 377, Designating February 25 as "African-American Scientist and Inventor Day." In 2006 she was awarded an honorary degree by Spelman College. In 2016, technology firm New Relic's Mount Codemore initiative named her as one of "four giants of women's contributions to science and technology". In 2019, she was recognized by Mathematically Gifted & Black as a Black History Month Honoree. ==See also==