Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order

The organization was launched on April 26, 1989, when the first Supreme Leader of Iran, Ruhollah Khomeini, ordered his aides to manage, maintain or sell properties confiscated or supposedly abandoned after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. to take over all "sales, servicing and managing" of assets of unknown ownership. The money would be used to aid "families of the martyrs, veterans, the missing, prisoners of war and the downtrodden." In 2013, as the West pressured Iran's economy with sanctions related to its nuclear development program, the headquarters' extensive economic operations provided the Islamic Republic with an independent source of revenue. Iranians who have served in the running or overseeing of Setad include Mohammad Javad Iravani, who took over as head of Setad in 1997, and Mohammad Mokhber, who became the CEO in 2007. Hossein-Ali Nayyeri (until 2023) and Kazem Najafi Elmi (until 2014) were members of the Board of Trustees of Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order. In 2009, Mohammad Saeedikia, a former Iranian minister of housing and urban development, was named chairman of the Setad subsidiary Tadbir Construction Development Group. In 2021, the Board of Trustees of the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order elected Aref Norouzi as head of the executive staff. The current head is Parviz Fattah. == Organization ==

Setad consists of two main foundations: the Barakat Foundation that "has the duty of eliminating poverty and empowering poor communities" and Tadbir Economic Development Group to "set up an investment management firm". Barakat Foundation On 11 December 2007, based on the sentence of the second Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, "I'm concerned about solving problems of the deprived classes of the society. For instance, solve problems of 1000 villages completely. How good would it be if 1000 points of the country are solved or 1000 schools are built in the country", the Barakat Foundation has been established to solve the problems of in needed people and make habitable the deprived region where poor people live. The Mechanism of Barakat Foundation is summarized in eight steps. First, the region to implement the Poverty Reduction Project is selected. Then, by choosing the consultant (or experts) and holding meetings, studies on the status of capacities of development at the target area and on the basis of the formulation and implementation of the plan, it is considered as the agenda. After completing the establishment mechanism for implementing the plan and ways for Financing support and education steps, the project begins to operate economically. After the evaluation and documentation of the process of carrying out the project, the Barakat Foundation will be removed from the implementation process. Finally, the project is donated to people for economic activity. ==Services==

EIKO (also known as Setad) has invested 84 trillion Rials in alleviating poverty since December 2007. The foundation has created 322 economic entrepreneurship projects, providing job opportunities for 198,000 people. Construction home for low-income (11,000 homes) and investing in 110 civil infrastructure projects included water and power supply, road construction,building of cultural and religious accommodation in poor regions of the country (800 Mosques, Prayer Rooms (Mosalla), and residence for religious teachers in remote rural regions, and also constructed centers for religious educations are other efforts of the Barakat Foundation. During the 2019 Iran floods, in order to help to flood-stricken people, EIKO prepared essential equipment for flood-stricken people and furnished facilities (fridges, washing machines, carpets, and other necessary elements) for 15,000 families. It provided 4,000 cattle to replace 9,000 killed by the flood, for families living in villages. Some temporary clinics have been established to cure wounded and give medicine. The Barakat Foundation performed most of aids as the representative of EIKO. In other hands, the organization ensured, EIKO will be able to "provide some 3,000 job opportunities" for citizens. The polypill, drugs to lower blood pressure, is produced in Iran by the support of EIKO was designed 14 years ago and called "PolyIran". According to the study was conducted by doctors from Tehran University, the University of Birmingham in Britain and other institutions and published by The Lancet, it worked quite well in a new study, slashing the rate of heart attacks by more than half among those who regularly took the pills. The pill in the study, which involved the participation of 6,800 rural villagers aged 50 to 75 in Iran, contained a cholesterol-lowering statin, two blood-pressure drugs and a low-dose aspirin. "Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order" has also done other services for needy people, such as: the distribution of 2,000 dowries and 1,000 stationery packages for poor people, giving 3,000 wheelchairs to needy disabled individuals, preparing 2,000 food packages for Nikshahr students who were involved in nutritional problems, the establishment of "Ehsan Sports places" in deprived areas, and so on. Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order and the Barakat Foundation (in cooperation with the Ministry of Health) have pursued/implemented the issue of Telehealth. According to the minister of Health, Saeed Namaki: "... This great scientific work helps us in order to utilize a tool called "telemedicine" in these (far) areas of the country. This new approach (telemedicine) allows us to increase productivity in Islamic Republic of Iran's specialized manpower and have health justice in the farthest areas of Iran. He also added, "it began in the farthest and most deprived parts of the country." COVID-19 pandemic According to the Tasnim news agency, Southwest Asia's largest factory producing face masks in Iran was opened by Mohammad Mokhber, director of the Headquarters for Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order in April 2020. The factory is able to "produce 4 million masks per month". According to the report of EIKO's officials, the EIKO has provided several medical facilities to fight with the coronavirus pandemic in Iran, including " 25 million three-layered and N95 masks, launching a production line of medical masks, production of Iranian test kit for coronavirus infection, research on the medicine of the disease, launching the 4030 phone line with the help of 2,200 doctors and paramedics for answering people's questions about coronavirus, making oxygen concentrator (with producing 50 machines every day), production of 400,000 liters of disinfectant gel". The production line of "Corona Immediate Diagnosis Kit" was inaugurated by the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order on 17 November 2020; which made Iran among the 3 countries of the world who have produced "Corona Immediate Diagnosis Kit". This kit is able to detect COVID-19 infection in less than 20 minutes in any environment/area. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine According to the Young Journalists Club: "The head of the Information-Center of the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order announced the human-injection of the first phase of clinical studies of the Iranian corona vaccine on December 29, 2020; The first phase of human testing of the vaccine began with the injection for 56 volunteers. The second and the third group of the volunteers were also injected with the vaccine. According to the head of the vaccine production team at the SETAD, the results show that this vaccine also neutralizes the British mutated COVID-19 virus. This vaccine has passed its phase 2 and 3 clinical studies; and its consumption license has been issued on 13 June 2021. This Iranian vaccine is called COVIran Barakat. == Economic activities ==

Based on the order of Imam Khomeini, the EIKO was responsible to manage properties that had been abandoned during following years of the 1979 Islamic Revolution and consume them for charity aids. Setad officials state that their assets have been acquired legitimately, and part of the profits from acquisition go to charity. One of the group's earliest steps to move beyond holding property took place in 2000 when an investment management firm called Tadbir Investment Co. was set up. By 2013, Setad had real estate, corporate stakes and other assets worth an estimated $95 billion (in comparison, Iran's oil exports for 2012 were worth only $68 billion). It was able to evade the US and UN sanctions with "complex network of front companies and subsidiaries" in foreign countries. == Structure and holdings ==

The following companies are among some entities affiliate to EIKO (aka Setad): • Barakat Foundation • Tadbir Economic Development Group Company (TEDG) • Tadbir Energy Group • Pars Oil Company • Bahman Geno Company (Hormoz Oil Refinery Company) • The Persia Company of Oil and Gas Industry Development • Qaed Basir Petrochemical Products Company • North Drilling Company • Tadbir Drilling Development Company • Rey Niroo Engineering Company • Abadan Electrical power generation company • Modaberan Chemistry Company • Tadbir Parsian Refining Company • Pars Bazargan Trading Company • Iran Mobin Electronic Development (Holding Co.) • Tose'e Etemad Mobin (TEM) • Mehr Eghtesad Novin Company • Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI) • Mobile Telecommunication Company of Iran (MCI) • Tadbir Industry and Mine Development Company • Karun Phosphate Complex Products Company • Abadgaran Ma'dan Iranian • Ayandegaran Sanat va Madan farda • Tadbir Investment Group • Tosee Eqtesad Ayandehsazan Company (TEACO) • Barakat Pharmed Company • Tadbir Construction Development Group ==Affiliated companies==

Barakat Foundation Barakat Foundation is a charitable bonyad that concentrates on the economic development projects in the rural region, and "has stakes in the country's pharmaceutical industry." According to the reports, its activities include building schools in rural areas, launching economic projects in rural and deprived regions of Iran focused on job creation, and implementing infrastructure projects such as road construction, building homes for the underprivileged, providing water, electricity, telecommunications, mosques, and carrying out agricultural projects. Barkat Pharmaceutical Group Barkat Pharmaceutical Group is an Iranian Pharmaceutical public company, which was founded in 2010, named Tadbir innovation pharmaceutical company. The company provides services through cooperation between science-based institutions and scientists based on medicine around the world. It supplies 14 percent of all the country's essential drugs through its 25 subsidiaries. Barkat Pharmaceutical Industrial Town Barkat Pharmaceutical Industrial Town is the first pharmaceutical research town in Iran and registered as the country's first special district of pharmaceutical economic. Also It is the largest Pharmaceutical Industrial Town at West Asia. This group and its affiliated companies supply 14% of all priority medicines in Iran. Barkat Ventures Barkat Ventures is a knowledge-based institute which has been established as the arm of the "Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order" in order to develop knowledge-based economy. This institute's mission is to create and expand on the ecosystem/infrastructure for the development of science and knowledge-based activities of the scholars in Iran on the basis of Islamic-Iranian models by utilizing Iranian scientists, experts, global-experience, knowledge and so on. Barkat Ventures is considered as one of the five executive lever of Barakat Foundation, which works in the field of new knowledge-based technologies. === Ehsan-Foundation === Ehsan-Barakat Charity foundation associated to Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order and Barekat Foundation was founded in order to request of current Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei to provide more quickly help for individual cases (needy people). As Mokhber, the chief of Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order nominated, the activities which be performed by the Charity relies on people's help. == Legal protections and issues ==

Protection from oversight Khamenei, judges, and parliament have issued a series of bureaucratic edicts, constitutional interpretations and judicial decisions over the years bolstering Setad. The Ministry is overseen by the parliament and president, rather than the Supreme Leader.. However, in 1984 an implementation of Article 49 of the Iranian constitution ratified by Parliament of Iran (when Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was speaker of the parliament) transferred the right to control huge part of public assets, replacing the Treasury with another entity (Setad) outside the government and in direct control of Supreme Leader of Iran. Despite clearly transferring control of confiscated assets to the government, this law was never implemented mainly due to circulars issued by chief justice Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi in 2009, and by his successor, chief justice Sadeq Larijani in 2013. (The Chief Justice in Iran is appointed by Supreme Leader of Iran based on Article 110 of Iranian constitution.) == Sanctions ==

In July 2010, the European Union added the president of Setad, Mohammad Mokhber, to its list of individuals and entities being sanctioning for alleged involvement in "nuclear or ballistic missiles activities." Two years later, it removed him from the list without explanation, but allegedly in "an attempt to fend off a broader Iranian legal challenge to financial sanctions on Iran's banks and bank directors". pursuant to Executive Order 13599, which "blocks the property of the Government of Iran", (prohibiting "U.S. persons from engaging in most transactions" with people "meeting the definition of Government of Iran"). In January 2016, a US government document stated EIKO was not on the SDN List (Specially Designated National) nor "subject to Secondary Sanctions", but that "US persons" were required to continue to "Block the Property and Interests in Property" of EIKO (Setad) in accordance with Executive Order 13599. ==Relation==

Khamenei The Reuters investigation of Setad "found no evidence that Khamenei is tapping Setad to enrich himself." But Reuters claims that Setad has empowered Khamenei, saying that "through Setad, Khamenei has at his disposal financial resources whose value rivals the holdings of the shah, the Western-backed monarch who was overthrown in 1979." In 2011, a consortium known as Mobin Trust Consortium (TEM) purchased of 51% of shares of Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI). The largest stakeholder of the consortium "was a company controlled by the Revolutionary Guards", and Setad controlled another 38%. ==See also==