Ezbet El Haggana (Madinat El-Amal)

As early as the 1930s, the Armed Forces housed their camel corps border patrol () at the 4.5 km point in the then desert outskirts on the Cairo-Suez road. leading to the names Ezbet al-Haggana (Haggana Hamlet) and ''. Over the years the camp turned into a permanent settlement as soldiers built single-storey stone structures with mud ceilings (al-suwaysi'' houses), until Cairo expanded east in the 1960s with the construction of the Nasr City district and the vacant desert land became valuable real estate that was initially squatted in the 1970s and later progressed into a complex system of illegal subdivision and sales, resulting in conflicts and physical altercations and the emergence of what some called a 'land mafia.' == Demographics ==

Population estimates for Haggana varied widely over the years between 30,000 and is one million people. However, the latest 2017 Census puts it at 86,195 people, giving it a density of 115 people/acre (273/ha, 27,363/km2). == See also ==