While the origin of the village remains disputed, the establishment of the
Serer in the area is assumed to have begun when the advance of the
Almoravids in the 11th century forced them to leave the
Sénégal River valley, occupying the
Petite Côte and the region of the
Sine River. Another theory claims that Joal and Fadiouth have been founded by the
Guelowar when they were expelled from the kingdom of
Kaabu. Both of these theories draw on the frequency of certain surnames as evidence, indicating families' ethnic origins. During the
colonial period, Joal became one of the largest trading posts in Western Senegal. By the late 16th century,
Dutch and
Portuguese traders were both established there, as well as further up the coast in
Saly. Until around 1635, a community of
Portuguese Jewish traders lived in the village. Protected by the local chief, they were allowed to openly profess their religion, to the annoyance of the Portuguese (
Catholic) government. The establishment of European posts in the region enabled penetration by missionaries as early as the 17th century. The
proselytisation however was met by strong resistance by the local population, delaying large-scale evangelising by the Europeans to the 19th century when Senegal became a French colony. In 1850, a mission was finally established in the village, the first priest was ordained there in 1885. It was during that time that the passage of
El Hadj Umar Tall was commemorated by building a mosque for his appraisal. The important architectural legacy recalling this memorable passing is in danger of deterioration. ==Administration==