Elizabeth Dorothea Cole Bowen was born on 7 June 1899 at 15 Herbert Place in
Dublin, daughter of barrister Henry Charles Cole Bowen (1862–1930), who succeeded his father as head of their Irish gentry family traced back to the late 1500s, of Welsh origin, and Florence Isabella Pomeroy (died 1912), daughter of Henry FitzGeorge Pomeroy Colley, of Mount Temple,
Clontarf, Dublin, grandson of the 4th
Viscount Harberton. Florence Bowen's mother was granddaughter of the 4th
Viscount Powerscourt. Elizabeth Bowen was baptised in the nearby
St Stephen's Church on Upper Mount Street. Her parents later brought her to her father's family home,
Bowen's Court at Farahy, near
Kildorrery,
County Cork, where she spent her summers. Among her enduring childhood friends were the artists
Mainie Jellett and
Sylvia Cooke-Collis. When her father became mentally ill in 1907, she and her mother moved to England, eventually settling in
Hythe. After her mother died in September 1912, Bowen was brought up by her aunts; her father remarried in 1918. She was educated at
Downe House School under the headship of
Olive Willis. After some time at art school in London she decided that her talent lay in writing. She mixed with the
Bloomsbury Group, becoming good friends with
Rose Macaulay, who helped her seek a publisher for her first book, a collection of short stories titled
Encounters (1923). In 1923, she married Alan Cameron, an educational administrator who subsequently worked for the BBC. The marriage has been described as "a sexless but contented union." The marriage was reportedly never consummated. She had various extra-marital relationships, including one with
Charles Ritchie, a Canadian diplomat seven years her junior, which lasted over thirty years. She also had an affair with the Irish writer
Seán Ó Faoláin and a relationship with the American poet
May Sarton. In 1930, Bowen became the first (and only) woman to inherit
Bowen's Court, but remained based in England, making frequent visits to Ireland. During World War II, she worked for the British
Ministry of Information, reporting on Irish opinion, particularly on the issue of
neutrality. Bowen's political views tended towards
Burkean conservatism. During and after the war she wrote about life in wartime London,
The Demon Lover and Other Stories (1945) and
The Heat of the Day (1948), works which earned acclaim for their depiction of that period. In
Ninety-nine Novels,
Anthony Burgess wrote of
The Heat of the Day that "No novel has better caught the atmosphere of London during the second world war." Bowen was awarded the
CBE in 1948. Her husband retired in 1952 and they settled in
Bowen's Court, where he died a few months later. Many writers visited her at Bowen's Court from 1930 onward, including
Virginia Woolf,
Eudora Welty,
Carson McCullers,
Iris Murdoch, and the historian
Veronica Wedgwood. For years, Bowen struggled to keep the house, lecturing in the United States to earn money. In 1957, her portrait was painted at Bowen's Court by her friend, painter
Patrick Hennessy. She travelled to Italy in 1958 to research and prepare
A Time in Rome (1960), but by the following year, Bowen was forced to sell her beloved Bowen's Court, which was demolished in 1960. In the following months, she wrote the narrative of the documentary titled
Ireland the Tear and the Smile for
CBS which was aimed at American audiences and presented by
Walter Cronkite. After spending some years without a permanent home, Bowen finally settled at "Carbery", Church Hill,
Hythe, in 1965. ,
County Cork, Bowen's burial place Her final novel,
Eva Trout, or Changing Scenes (1968), won the
James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1969 and was shortlisted for the
Booker Prize in 1970. Subsequently, she was a judge (alongside her friend
Cyril Connolly) that awarded the 1972 Man Booker Prize to
John Berger for
G. She spent Christmas 1972 at
Kinsale, County Cork, with her friends, Major Stephen Vernon and his wife Lady Ursula (daughter of the
Duke of Westminster), but was hospitalised upon her return. Here she was visited by Connolly, Lady Ursula Vernon,
Isaiah Berlin,
Rosamund Lehmann, Charles Ritchie, and her literary agent
Spencer Curtis Brown. In 1972, Bowen developed lung cancer. She died in
University College Hospital on 22 February 1973, age 73. She is buried with her husband in St Colman's churchyard in Farahy, close to the gates of Bowen's Court. There is a memorial plaque to the author bearing the words of
John Sparrow at the entrance to St Colman's Church, where a commemoration of her life is held annually. ==Legacy==