Under the
Shang, the
predynastic Zhou capital was located in what is now
Qishan County between the
Wei River and
Mount Qi at a location variously described as Qishan (, "Mt. Qi"), Qiyi (, "Qi City"), Qizhou (, "Zhou at Mt. Qi"), Qixia (, "Below Mt. Qi"), and Zhouyuan (, "the Zhou Plain"). As
Ji Chang (posthumously known as King Wen) expanded the territory of the
predynastic Zhou east into
Shanxi in the mid-11th century BC in preparation for an assault on his nominal Shang overlords, he constructed a new capital named Chengyi (, "Cheng City") in lands the Zhou had recently annexed from the
Qiang between the Wei and
Jing Rivers in present-day
Xianyang's
Weicheng District. During an extreme drought, he moved his capital further east to the west bank of the Feng River about downstream from Qiyi. This city was variously called Feng (), Fengxi (), or Fengjing (). This relocation was said to have occurred in the year before Ji Chang's death and five years before the
Battle of Muye, placing it BC by
current estimates. After
his son Fa (posthumously known as King Wu) defeated the Shang at Muye and formally established the
Zhou dynasty, the capital was moved to the east bank of the river at a site called Hao or
Haojing. The two cities formed a twin capital, with Feng continuing to serve the rituals of the Zhou
ancestral shrine and gardens and Hao containing the royal palace and government administration. Both were abandoned in 771BC during the
Quanrong invasion that drove the Zhou out of the Wei River Valley and brought an end to its Western dynasty. The capital of the
Eastern Zhou was located at
Chengzhou within present-day
Luoyang. ==Ruins==