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Fetoscopy

Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow surgical access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small (3–4 mm) incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity. Fetoscopy allows for medical interventions such as a biopsy or a laser occlusion of abnormal blood vessels or the treatment of spina bifida.

History
In 1945, Björn Westin published a study which documented his use of a panendoscope to directly observe embryos. In 1966, Agüero et al. published a study which used hysteroscopy to observe various features of the fetus, cervix, and uterus. Gallinat made the first attempt to standardize these techniques in 1978. ==Non-surgical fetoscopes==
Non-surgical fetoscopes
Fetoscopy is a surgical procedure which may involve the use of a fibreoptic device called a fetoscope. Some confusion may arise from the use of specialized forms of stethoscopes, including Pinard horns and Doppler wands, to audibly monitor fetal heart rate (FHR). These audio diagnostic tools are also called "fetoscopes" but are not related to visual fetoscopy. ==See also==
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