locomotive, a mainstay of Italian railways starting from the 1930s railcar for the
Argentine railways. During the 1960s and 1970s, Fiat Ferroviaria developed a tilting technology for trains and was the first (and the only one for several decades) to produce active tilting trains with the trademark of
Pendolino. In Italy, several classes of Pendolinos were adopted starting from 1976 (
ETR 401,
ETR 450,
ETR 460-65,
ETR 480-85 and the
Alstom made
ETR600. Following the success of the ETR 450 series introduced in Italy in 1988 (the 401 series introduced in 1976 consisted of only 2 trainsets and never operated regular commercial service, working more like an "on-wheel laboratory"), tilting systems including bogies, traction, electric and electronic equipment were ordered by several countries: • Germany (
ICE T) • Finland (
VR Class Sm3 and
VR Class Sm6) • Switzerland (
Cisalpino) • Spain (Alaris) • Portugal (
Alfa Pendular) • Slovenia (
SŽ series 310) • Czech Republic (
ČD Class 680) In February 1999,
Virgin Trains West Coast ordered a fleet of
Class 390s from Alstom that incorporated Fiat Ferroviaria tilting technology. Directly or indirectly, 18 countries throughout the world applied the Italian Fiat Ferroviaria tilting technology to their trains, including the United States and China. ==See also==