Fire services in France

Central administration The Directorate General for Civil Defence and Crisis Management (DGSCGC) is the central administrative structure responsible for risk management in France, whether it concerns everyday accidents or major disasters. It includes several directorates: • Fire brigade directorate (DSP); • Sub-directorate for crisis preparation, anticipation and management (SDPAGC); • Sub-directorate for national resources (SDMN); • Sub-directorate for international affairs, resources and strategy (SDAIRS). The DGSCGC has at its disposal a civil defence headquarters (EMSC) and the general inspectorate for civil defence (IGSC). It employs approximately 3,000 civilian and military personnel spread over 60 sites. Local fire services The fire service is organized based on various departments. Each department has a ''Service Départemental d'Incendie et de Secours'' (SDIS, Departmental Fire and Rescue Service) responsible for operations within its territory, with a few exceptions: • Paris and the three departments of the petite couronne (Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne) are covered by the Paris Fire Brigade. • Bouches-du-Rhône is covered by both the Marseille Naval Fire Battalion and a civilian Bouches-du-Rhône SDIS. • Lyon Metropolis and Rhône are both covered by the Rhône SDIS, reflecting Rhône's boundaries before 2015. • Corsica is divided between two fire services, reflecting the departments that existed from 1975 to 2017. Fire service based Emergency Medical Services in Strasbourg, France Local fire departments also respond to medical calls and can send an ambulance, a multi-purpose response vehicle or even a fire apparatus. Here the cross-trained firefighters will provide care at the scene and transport for injuries or illness but are usually backed up by a SMUR unit for more serious or complex cases. Firefighters are trained to provide basic life support (BLS) care. Although they also transport casualties and are, in any practical sense, ambulances, their vehicles are instead called a VSAV ( – rescue and casualty assistance vehicle). Volunteer-staffed ambulances may be called VPS ( – first aid vehicle). The VSAV and VPS are considered to be means of bringing rescue workers and equipment to the scene, with the evacuation of patients being the logical result of the response but not the primary duty of these response resources. == Personnel ==

As of December 2015 there were 246,900 firefighters in France: • 78% voluntary/call firefighters • 22% career firefighters, including: • 17% civilian • 5% military firefighters (the Paris Fire Brigade and Marseille Naval Fire Battalion) In addition they employed 11,910 medical responders and 10,900 administrative and support personnel. The jeunes sapeurs-pompiers (Junior fighters) and cadets numbered 27,800. ==Civilian professional fire fighters==

Civilian professional fire fighters are local government civil servants of class A, B, and C. Civil servants class A and B, and their volunteer counterparts, are trained at the National Fire College, École nationale supérieure des officiers de sapeurs-pompiers. Given their military origin, rank insignia follow those of the French Army. Class C Professional fire fighters class C are recruited from volunteer fire fighters or youth fire fighters, age 18 or above, with three years service as Sapper without a civil service exam. Corporals can be recruited with a civil service exam open to direct entry candidates who passed middle school, and through a civil service exam open to volunteer fire fighters or youth fire fighters, with three years service. In 2017, Sapeur de 1re classe was abolished and Sapeur de 2e classe was replaced by the rank of Sapeur, except for volunteers whose grades remained unchanged. Promotion to Corporal can occur after three years as Sapper; to Chief Corporal after five years as Corporal. Sergents are selected through a civil service exam open to team leaders. Promotion to Adjudant and Chief Adjudant can occur after four years as Sergeant/Chief Sergeant. 75% of the promotions from Lieutenant 2nd class to Lieutenant 1st class are through a civil service exam open to Lieutenants 2nd class with three years in the grade; 25 % through selection from Lieutenants 2nd class with five years in the grade. 75 % of the promotions from Lieutenant 1st class to Lieutenant above class are through a civil service exam open to Lieutenants 1st class with three years in the grade; 25 % through selection from Lieutenants 1st class with five years in the grade. Direct entry lieutenants 1st class are undergoing a 32 weeks course at the French Fire College (). Lieutenants 2nd class are undergoing a 12-week course at the Fire College, while Lieutenants 1st class promoted from 2nd class, are in addition undergoing a course of 6 weeks. Class A Professional fire fighters class A are recruited through civil service exams open to direct entry candidates with a bachelor's degree in engineering, and to fire fighters class B qualified as sector commanders. Commandants are selected through a civil service exam from captains with three years in the grade; lieutenant-colonels from commandants with five years in the grade. Class A+ Professional fire fighters class A+ hold senior management positions, such as brigade manager, deputy brigade manager, or senior expert for the government. Colonels are recruited through civil service exams open to fire fighters class A qualified as area managers. They undergo a 32-week course at the National Fire College. Colonels hors-classe are selected from colonels with four years in the grade; contrôleurs généraux from colonels hors-classe with at least 8 years’ experience as brigade manager, senior manager for the government, or similar positions that are listed by a decree. Central administration == Responses ==

In 2015, the French fire services responded to 4,453,300 incidents, most of which were medical: • Fires 300,700 • Road traffic accidents 279,400 • Medical emergencies 3,413,300 • Technological emergencies 53,200 • Other 406,700 Paris and Marseille comprise 10% of the national total. ==See also==