The church was established in 1804, and the building was completed in 1812. In 1808, while the congregation was still holding services at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, members helped start a church in Smyrna in Wilkes County. In 1925 the Ladies' Foreign Missionary Society already was collecting donations, making it the first such ministry in the world, according to the statistics of the church. During his childhood, United States president
Woodrow Wilson's father,
Joseph R. Wilson, was minister at First Presbyterian from 1858 to 1870. The
Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home is a historic site nearby. In 1861 the Church hosted the first General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States and the first minister in this new denomination was President Wilson's father.
Westminster Schools of Augusta was started in 1972. The campus of Westminster Schools, located on Wheeler Road, now has more than 500 pupils, grades K–4 through 12. First Presbyterian Church started a missions conference, and the annual event is a combination retreat and workshop for missionaries and their families. It also is an opportunity for the people of Augusta to hear about work in the field. In 1973, First Presbyterian dropped its affiliation with the
Southern Presbyterian Church over issues such as the authority of scripture and the role of women in the church, and became independent. It aligned itself with the
Presbyterian Church in America in 1977. == Church building ==