Fixed-satellite service

This radiocommunication service is classified in accordance with ITU Radio Regulations (article 1) as follows: Fixed service (article 1.20) • Fixed-satellite service (article 1.21) • Inter-satellite service (article 1.22) • Earth exploration-satellite service (article 1.51) • Meteorological-satellite service (article 1.52) ; ==Frequency allocation==

The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to Article 5 of the ITU Radio Regulations (most recent version, Edition of 2020). In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is within the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared. • primary allocation: is indicated by writing in capital letters (see example below) • secondary allocation: is indicated by small letters • exclusive or shared utilization: is within the responsibility of administrations ; Example of frequency allocation: == Use in North America==

FSS – is as well the official classification (used chiefly in North America) for geostationary communications satellites that provide broadcast feeds to television stations, radio stations and broadcast networks. FSSs also transmit information for telephony, telecommunications, and data communications. u bands (11.45–11.7 and 12.5–12.75 GHz in Europe, and 11.7–12.2 GHz in North America). The higher-frequency bands tend to have more spectrum and orbital slots available, but more expensive technology and higher rain margin. FSSs operate at lower power than DBSs, requiring a much larger receiving dish than a DBS system, usually for Ku band, and or larger for C band, compared with for DBS dishes. Unlike DBSs, which use circular polarization on their transponders, FSS transponders use linear polarization. Systems that receive television channels and other feeds from FSSs are usually referred to as TVRO (television receive only) systems, or pejoratively "big ugly dish" (BUD) systems (due to the much larger dish size compared to systems for DBS reception). The Canadian Shaw Direct satellite TV service relies on FSS technology in the Ku band. Primestar in the US used Ku transponders on an FSS for its delivery to subscribing households until Primestar was acquired by DirecTV in 1999. ==FSS outside North America==

"Fixed satellite service" is a commonly used term in North America but rare elsewhere. Most satellites used for direct-to-home television outside of North America have the same high power output as DBS-class satellites in North America, but use the same linear polarization as FSS-class satellites. ==Dish Network and FSS==

The Dish Network satellite TV service also relies on FSS technology in the Ku band to provide the necessary additional capacity to handle local channels required by FCC must-carry rules and to make room for HDTV resolution. The old SuperDish system receives a circularly polarized DBS 12.7 GHz signal from both 110-degree (the Echostar 8 & 10 satellites) and 119-degree (the Echostar 7 satellite) orbital locations as well as linearly polarized FSS 11.7 GHz from either the 121-degree (Echostar 9) or 105-degree (AMC 15) orbital locations depending on consumer choice; Dish ceased manufacture of this system years ago. Those FSSs are no longer used for Dish Network home subscribers, and are now used exclusively for commercial or corporate services. Dish now uses the 118.7-degree Anik-F3 FSS to provide international channel services on their Dish 500+ and Dish 1000+ dishes. It has an oval low-noise block downconverter (LNB) called a DP DBS/FSS Dual Band. This LNB will receive both the 119-degree and 118.7-degree satellites. The SuperDish has three LNBs to accommodate the three satellites and two different technologies. SuperDish came in two configurations: SuperDish 121 was for international programming (but is now used exclusively for commercial and corporate services) and SuperDish 105 (also used today exclusively for commercial and corporate services) was used for high definition and for those customers in areas where local channels are only available on the 105-degree satellite. As with other FSS technologies, these signals are much lower power and as a result the SuperDish is large and lopsided. However, since the SuperDish is under 1 meter in width, it cannot be banned by homeowners' associations.== --> ==References==