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Flateyjarbók

Flateyjarbók is an important medieval Icelandic manuscript. It is also known as GkS 1005 fol. and by the Latin name Codex Flateyensis. It was commissioned by the knight and lawspeaker, Jón Hákonarson, and produced by the priests and scribes Jón Þórðarson and Magnús Þórhallsson.

Description
Flateyjarbók is the largest medieval Icelandic manuscript, comprising 225 written and illustrated vellum leaves. It contains mostly sagas of the Norse kings as found in the Heimskringla, specifically the sagas about Olaf Tryggvason, St. Olaf, Sverre, Hákon the Old, Magnus the Good, and Harald Hardrada. But they appear here expanded with additional material not found elsewhere (some of it being very old) along with other unique differences. Most—but not all—of the additional material is placed within the royal sagas, sometimes interlaced. Additionally, the manuscript contains the only copy of the eddic poem Hyndluljóð, a unique set of annals from creation to 1394, and many short tales not otherwise preserved such as Nornagests þáttr ("the Story of Norna Gest"). Especially important is the Grœnlendinga saga ("History of the Greenlanders"), giving an account of the Vinland colony with some differences from the account contained in Eiríks saga rauða ("History of Eirík the Red"). Here also are preserved the only Icelandic versions of the Orkneyinga saga ("History of the Orkney Islanders") and Færeyinga saga ("History of the Faroe Islanders"). == History ==
History
From internal evidence the book was being written in 1387 and was completed in 1394 or very soon after. The first page states that its owner is Jón Hákonarson and that the book was scribed by two priests. One of them, Jón Þórðarson, scribed the contents from the tale of Eiríkr the Traveller down to the end of the two Olaf sagas and the other, Magnús Þórhallsson, scribed the earlier and later material and also drew the illustrations. Further material was inserted towards the end of the 15th century. The manuscript first received special attention by the learned in 1651 when Bishop Brynjólfur Sveinsson of Skálholt, with the permission of King Frederick III of Denmark, requested all folk of Iceland who owned old manuscripts to turn them over to the Danish king, providing either the original or a copy, either as a gift or for a price. Jon Finnsson, who resided on Flatey ('Flat Island') in the fjord of Breiðafjörður on the northwest coast of Iceland, was then the owner of the book which was already known as the Flateyjarbók. At first Jon refused to release his precious heirloom, the biggest and best book in all of Iceland, and he continued to refuse even when Bishop Brynjólfur paid him a personal visit and offered him five hundreds of land. Jon only changed his mind and bestowed the book on the bishop just as the bishop was leaving the region. The manuscript was given as a present from Bishop Brynjólfur to King Frederick III in 1656, and placed in the Royal Library of Copenhagen. In 1662, the bishop presented the king with a second medieval manuscript, the Codex Regius (Konungsbók eddukvæða). It and Flateyjarbók survived the Copenhagen Fire of 1728 and the Second Battle of Copenhagen in 1807 and were eventually repatriated to Iceland in 1971 as Icelandic national treasures. They are preserved and studied by the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies. == Contents ==
Contents
Flateyjarbók consists of the following texts: • Geisli – a religious poem on St. Olaf II of NorwayÓlafs ríma Haraldssonar – a poem on St. Olaf in the rímur style, the earliest such poetry • Hyndluljóð • A short piece from Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae PontificumSigurðar þáttr slefuHversu Noregr byggðist • Genealogies of Norwegian kings • Eiríks saga víðförlaÓlafs saga Tryggvasonar (en mesta), including: • Saga of the Greenlanders, consists of: • Eiríks þáttr rauðaGrœnlendinga þáttr (I)Færeyinga sagaJómsvíkinga sagaOtto þáttr keisaraFundinn NoregrOrkneyinga þáttrAlbani þáttr ok SunnifuÍslands byggingÞorsteins þáttr uxafótsSörla þáttrStefnis þáttr ÞorgilssonarRögnvalds þáttr ok RauðsHallfreðar þáttr vandræðaskáldsKjartans þáttr ÓlafssonarÖgmundar þáttr dyttsNorna-Gests þáttrHelga þáttr ÞórissonarÞorvalds þáttr tasaldaSveins þáttr ok FinnsRauðs þáttr hins rammaHrómundar þáttr haltaÞorsteins þáttr skelksÞiðranda þáttr ok ÞórhallsKristni þáttrSvaða þáttr ok Arnórs kerlingarnefsEindriða þáttr ilbreiðsOrms þáttr StórólfssonarHálfdanar þáttr svartaHaralds þáttr hárfagraHauks þáttr hábrókarÓlafs saga helga, including: • Fóstbrœðra sagaOrkneyinga sagaFæreyinga sagaNóregs konungatalHaralds þáttr grenskaÓlafs þáttr GeirstaðaálfsStyrbjarnar þáttr SvíakappaHróa þáttr heimskaEymundar þáttr hringsTóka þáttr TókasonarÍsleifs þáttr biskupsEymundar þáttr af SkörumEindriða þáttr ok ErlingsÁsbjarnar þáttr SelsbanaKnúts þáttr hins ríkaSteins þáttr SkaptasonarRauðúlfs þáttrVölsa þáttrBrenna Adams byskupsSverris sagaHákonar saga Hákonarsonar • An addendum to Ólafs saga helga by Styrmir Kárason • A saga of King Magnus the Good and King Harald Hardrada of the Morkinskinna type • Hemings þáttr ÁslákssonarAuðunar þáttr vestfirzkaSneglu-Halla þáttrHalldórs þáttr SnorrasonarÞorsteins þáttr forvitnaÞorsteins þáttr tjaldstæðingsBlóð-Egils þáttrGrœnlendinga þáttr (II) (not to be confused with the first Grœnlendinga þáttr) • Helga þáttr ok ÚlfsJátvarðar saga helga – Saga of King Edward • Flateyjarannáll == Gallery==
Modern translations
Flateyjarbók is currently being translated into English by the Saga Heritage Foundation of Norway. The translator is Alison Finlay, professor of Medieval English and Icelandic Literature at Birkbeck, University of London. A Norwegian edition, translated by Edvard Eikill and comprising six volumes, was completed in 2019. == Notes ==
Editions and translations
Editions Flateyjarbók, ed. by Guðbrandur Vigfússon and C.R. Unger: volume 1 (1860), volume 2 (1862), volume 3 (1868), also digitised at Heimskringla.no (diplomatic edition) • Flateyjarbók, [ed. by Sigurður Nordal], 4 vols (Akranes: Flateyjarútgáfan, 1944–45) (normalised Old Norse spelling) Translations • (Tale of Halfdan the Black, pp. 1–10; Tale of Hauk High-Breeches, pp. 11–20) • == External links ==
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