Camera lens focal lengths are usually specified in millimetres (mm), but some older lenses are marked in centimetres (cm) or inches. Focal length and
field of view (FOV) of a lens are inversely proportional. For a standard
rectilinear lens, \mathrm{FOV} = 2\arctan{\left({x\over2f}\right)}, where is the width of the film or imaging sensor. When a photographic lens is set to "infinity", its rear
principal plane is separated from the sensor or film, which is then situated at the
focal plane, by the lens's focal length. Objects far away from the camera then produce sharp images on the sensor or film, which is also at the image plane. To render closer objects in sharp focus, the lens must be adjusted to increase the distance between the rear principal plane and the film, to put the film at the image plane. The focal length , the distance from the front principal plane to the object to photograph , and the distance from the rear principal plane to the image plane are then related by: \frac{1}{s_1} + \frac{1}{s_2} = \frac{1}{f}\,. As is decreased, must be increased. For example, consider a
normal lens for a
35 mm camera with a focal length of 50 mm. To focus a distant object (), the rear principal plane of the lens must be located a distance 50 mm from the film plane, so that it is at the location of the image plane. To focus an object 1 m away ( 1,000 mm), the lens must be moved 2.6 mm farther away from the film plane, to 52.6 mm. The focal length of a lens determines the magnification at which it images distant objects. It is equal to the distance between the image plane and a
pinhole that images distant objects the same size as the lens in question. For
rectilinear lenses (that is, with no
image distortion), the imaging of distant objects is well modelled as a
pinhole camera model. This model leads to the simple geometric model that photographers use for computing the
angle of view of a camera; in this case, the angle of view depends only on the ratio of focal length to
film size. In general, the angle of view depends also on the distortion. A lens with a focal length about equal to the diagonal size of the film or sensor format is known as a
normal lens; its angle of view is similar to the angle subtended by a large-enough print viewed at a typical viewing distance of the print diagonal, which therefore yields a normal perspective when viewing the print; this angle of view is about 53 degrees diagonally. For
full-frame 35 mm-format cameras, the diagonal is 43 mm and a typical "normal" lens has a 50 mm focal length. A lens with a focal length shorter than normal is often referred to as a
wide-angle lens (typically 35 mm and less, for 35 mm-format cameras), while a lens significantly longer than normal may be referred to as a
telephoto lens (typically 85 mm and more, for 35 mm-format cameras). Technically, long focal length lenses are only "telephoto" if the focal length is longer than the physical length of the lens, but the term is often used to describe any long focal length lens. Due to the popularity of the
35 mm standard, camera–lens combinations are often described in terms of their 35 mm-equivalent focal length, that is, the focal length of a lens that would have the same angle of view, or field of view, if used on a full-frame 35 mm camera. Use of a 35 mm-equivalent focal length is particularly common with
digital cameras, which often use sensors smaller than 35 mm film, and so require correspondingly shorter focal lengths to achieve a given angle of view, by a factor known as the
crop factor. ==Optical power==