Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987

United States Foreign Policy Statute of 1969 Foreign Assistance Act of 1969, (, § 2221}), was a United States federal statute enacted into law by the 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon on December 30, 1969. The Act of Congress was the first United States legislative article to acknowledge the Palestine Liberation Organization as a militant force venerating the tactics of terrorism in the Fertile Crescent and Levant geographies of the Eastern Mediterranean or Mediterranean Basin. 22 U.S.C. § 2221 ~ Palestine Refugees; Conditions for Furnishing Assistance ==Declaration of the Act==

Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987 was penned as five sections establishing reprehensible conditions with regards to Palestine Liberation Organization relations and conducting anarchist activities within the United States. The public law is declared as Title X - Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987. Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987 as short title - 101 Stat. 1406 § 1001 Determinations and Findings - 101 Stat. 1406-1407 § 1002 • By 1985, sixty percent of Middle East terrorism accounted for total international terrorism ― Patterns of Global Terrorism • Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) assisted activities in the Achille Lauro hijacking of October 7, 1985 • Palestine Liberation Organization implicated in the fatality of United States ambassador to Lebanon Francis E. Meloy Jr. • PLO and constituent groups implicated in the fatality of dozens of American citizens abroad • Palestinian National Covenant issues a governing truth of armed struggle to liberate Palestine • During April 1987 in Algiers, Palestinian National Council meeting reaffirmed the ideology of the struggle in all its armed forms • United States Attorney General affirms that various elements of the Palestine Liberation Organization and its allies and affiliates are in the thick of international terror Determinations - 101 Stat. 1407 § 1002 :United States Congress determines the Palestine Liberation Organization and affiliates are a terrorist organization. The anarchist organization poses a peril threat to the interests of the United States, its allies, and international law. The Palestine Liberation Organization should not benefit from operating in the United States. Prohibitions Regarding the PLO - 101 Stat. 1407 § 1003 :For the purpose of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987, it is unlawful to further the interests of the Palestine Liberation Organization, any constituent groups, any successor to any of those, and any agents thereof; ::(1) To receive anything of value except informational material from the PLO or any of its constituent groups, any successor thereto, or any agents thereof; ::(2) To expend funds from the PLO or any of its constituent groups, any successor thereto, or any agents thereof; ::(3) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, to establish or maintain an office, headquarters, premises, or other facilities or establishments within the jurisdiction of the United States at the behest or direction of, or with funds provided by the Palestine Liberation Organization or any of its constituent groups, any successor to any of those, or any agents thereof. Enforcement - 101 Stat. 1407 § 1004 :United States Attorney General shall institute the necessary legal action to effectuate the policies and provisions of this title :Any district court of the United States for a district in which a violation of this title occurs shall have authority, upon petition of relief by the United States Attorney General, to grant injunctive and such other equitable relief as it shall deem necessary to enforce the provisions of this title Effective Date - 101 Stat. 1407 § 1005 :Provisions of this title shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act Termination - 101 Stat. 1407 § 1005 :Provisions of this title shall cease to have effect if the President certifies in writing to the' President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House that the Palestine Liberation Organization, its agents, or constituent groups thereof no longer practice or support terrorist actions anywhere in the world ==Enactment==

The Reagan Administration sought to negotiate with Congress to prevent closure of the PLO mission at the United Nations, in fear that doing so would spark worldwide criticism. Legal Advisor to the State Department, Abraham Sofaer, sent a memorandum to Secretary of State George Shultz, explaining that, although the PLO was not legally entitled to an office at the UN, the U.S. should prevent its closure. More specifically, Sofaer’s memorandum explained that the legal status of permanent UN observers (like the PLO) was not clarified in the 1947 Headquarters Agreement, meaning that the US could argue it had no legal obligations to treat observer missions with any immunities. However, the memo concluded, closing the PLO mission would run contrary to 40 years of practice under the Agreement. In a later interview with the New York Times, Sofaer, speaking on behalf of the Administration, said that closing the PLO UN office would violate the 1947 Headquarter Agreements and result in a suit against the United States in the International Court of Justice. He added that the ongoing congressional debate “has the clear implication that Congress doesn’t care if it violates international law.” Ultimately, despite the Administration’s objections. Congress enforced closure of the PLO mission. The New York Times recognized Sofaer as someone who understood the foolishness of this decision: "Abraham D. Sofaer, the State Department's legal adviser, has understood the serious implications of this political foolishness. He has urged that action be held up, pending a legal ruling, lest American peace efforts in the Middle East be undermined. He sees the risk of damage to the interests of the United States and Israel." ==See also==