Forensic Architecture was formed in 2010 as a research project within the Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths, University of London. The project developed as a response to several converging phenomena, such as the urbanisation of warfare, the erosion of trust in evidence in relation to state crimes and human rights violations, the emergence and proliferation of open source media (or 'image flotsam'), the increased use of smartphone footage in documenting human rights violations in urban conflict, and the need for civil society to have its own means of evidence production for application in law, politics and advocacy. The first project undertaken by Forensic Architecture was an investigation into the killing of Bassem Abu Rahma in
Bil'in, for human rights lawyer and activist
Michael Sfard, which was eventually presented to the
Supreme Court of Israel. In 2011, Forensic Architecture was awarded funding for four years by the
European Research Council. Also that year, a team within Forensic Architecture began to conduct investigations into the policies of European national and international authorities in relation to migration across the Mediterranean. That team, called
Forensic Oceanography, published its first report in 2012, investigating of the deaths of seventy-three migrants who were left drifting for two weeks within NATO's maritime surveillance area. In 2012, Forensic Architecture presented a report to a meeting of states party to the UN
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons on the use of airburst
white phosphorus munitions in urban environments, in regard to the Israeli attacks on
Gaza in December 2008 and January 2009, known as '
Operation Cast Lead'. The report eventually led Israel to admit for the first time the use of such munitions, and later to declare that the
IDF would stop using white phosphorus munitions in populated areas. Also that year, the agency conducted an investigation with SITU Studio and
the Bureau of Investigative Journalism titled 'Where the Drones Strike', on behalf of the UN Special Rapporteur on Counter Terrorism and Human Rights,
Ben Emmerson. In 2013, the project was awarded a second
European Research Council grant to develop a multimedia data-aggregation and -visualisation platform called Pattrn. Pattrn enables its users to anonymously collate and share first-hand reports of events 'on the ground' and to make sense of information by combining and visualising different forms of media and information. The tool was employed by Forensic Architecture in their Gaza Platform, an interactive map of attacks by Israeli forces on Gaza between 8 July and 26 August 2014, developed in partnership with Amnesty International, as well as by organisations including as
ACLED. In 2015, in partnership with Amnesty International, Forensic Architecture collected and analysed mobile phone footage of hundreds of explosions in the city of
Rafah, Gaza, during the city's 'Black Friday' of
1 August 2014. By analysing the shape and movement of bomb clouds captured in mobile phone footage, Forensic Architecture's researchers located and mapped hundreds of Israeli strikes on the city. The investigation exposed the Israeli military directive known as the
Hannibal Directive, leading to its discontinuation. In 2016, Forensic Architecture was awarded further funding by the European Research Council. That year, again in partnership with
Amnesty International, Forensic Architecture conducted an investigation into Syria's
Saydnaya Prison, interviewing surviving detainees who had been blindfolded or kept in darkness for most of the years they had spent in the space, and reconstructing the dimensions of the prison through a process of 'ear witnessing' and digital modelling. In 2017, Forensic Architecture produced a video investigation into the presence of a member of the
German intelligence services at the scene of the
2006 killing by neo-Nazis of a Turkish internet cafe owner. Forensic Architecture conducted physical experiments which cast doubt on the testimony of the secret service agent. In April 2018, it was announced that Forensic Architecture were one of four nominees for the 2018
Turner Prize for their work relating to the
killing of Yacoub Abu Al-Qia'an in
Umm al-Hiran, but ultimately they lost out to iPhone artist
Charlotte Prodger. In May 2018, in partnership with
Bellingcat and Venezuelan journalists, Forensic Architecture collected, timed, and located nearly 70 pieces of evidence related to the
El Junquito raid, including videos, photographs, leaked audio of police radio communications and official statements, asking for more material to determine if rebel police officer
Óscar Pérez and his companions were victims of
extrajudicial killings. Fellows and PhD students who have been part of the Forensic Architecture programme include Susan Schuppli, John Palmesino, Lorenzo Pezzani and Charles Heller (co-founders of the Forensic Oceanography project),
Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Anselm Franke, Ayesha Hameed, Thomas Keenan, Paulo Tavares, Francesco Sebregondi, Maayan Amir, Ariel Caine and Stefanos Levidis. In 2019 as part of the
Whitney Biennial, the group created a video piece critical of Whitney trustee member
Warren Kanders. The video detailed Kanders' involvement in a company that produces tear gas used against nonviolent democratic protestors across the world. Kanders resigned from his position as Whitney board member shortly after the exhibition opened. In October 2024, after monitoring and analysing
Israel's war conduct in Gaza for more than a year, the group published a map detailing Israel's campaign in Gaza titled "A Cartography of Genocide", accompanied by an 827-page text report that concludes that "Israel's military campaign in Gaza is organised, systematic, and intended to destroy conditions of life and life-sustaining infrastructure". In 2024 Forensic Architecture received a
Right Livelihood Award for its lead in the development of new methodologies that combine technology with human rights advocacy. ==Methods==