Fraction of inspired oxygen

;Abbreviated alveolar air equation :P_A \ce{O2} = \frac{P_E \ce{O2} - P_I \ce{O2} \frac{V_D}{V_t}}{1- \frac{V_D}{V_t}} , , and are the partial pressures of oxygen in alveolar, expired, and inspired gas, respectively, and is the ratio of physiologic dead space over tidal volume. == Medicine ==

In medicine, the FIO2 is the assumed percentage of oxygen concentration participating in gas exchange in the alveoli. == Uses ==

The FIO2 is used in the APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) severity of disease classification system for intensive care unit patients. For FIO2 values equal to or greater than 0.5, the alveolar–arterial gradient value should be used in the APACHE II score calculation. Otherwise, the PaO2 will suffice. The ratio between partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) and FIO2 is used as an indicator of hypoxemia per the American-European Consensus Conference on lung injury. A high FIO2 has been shown to alter the ratio of PaO2/FIO2. == PaO2/FIO2 ratio ==

The ratio of partial pressure arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen, known as the Horowitz index or Carrico index, is a comparison between the oxygen level in the blood and the oxygen concentration that is breathed. This helps to determine the degree of any problems with how the lungs transfer oxygen to the blood. A sample of arterial blood is collected for this test. With a normal PaO2 of 60–100 mmHg and an oxygen content of FIO2 of 0.21 of room air, a normal PaO2/FIO2 ratio ranges between 300 and 500 mmHg. A PaO2/FIO2 ratio less than or equal to 200 mmHg is necessary for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome by the AECC criteria. The more recent Berlin criteria defines mild ARDS at a ratio of less than 300 mmHg. A PaO2/FIO2 ratio less than or equal to 250 mmHg is one of the minor criteria for severe community acquired pneumonia (i.e., possible indication for inpatient treatment). A PaO2/FIO2 ratio less than or equal to 333 mmHg is one of the variables in the SMART-COP risk score for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. ;Example calculation: After drawing an arterial blood gas sample from a patient the PaO2 is found to be 100 mmHg. Since the patient is receiving oxygen-saturated air resulting in a FIO2 of 50% oxygen his calculated PaO2/FIO2 ratio would be 100 mmHg/0.50 = 200 mmHg. == Related mathematics ==

Alveolar air equation The alveolar air equation is the following formula, used to calculate the partial pressure of alveolar gas: : P_A \ce{O2} = F_I \ce{O2}(PB-P \ce{H2O}) - P_A \ce{CO2} \left(F_I \ce{O2} + \frac{1-F_I\ce{O2}}{R}\right) ==References==