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Fragile (Yes album)

Fragile is the fourth studio album by the English progressive rock band Yes, released in the UK on 12 November 1971 and in the US on 4 January 1972 by Atlantic Records. It was the band's first album to feature keyboardist Rick Wakeman, who replaced Tony Kaye after the group had finished touring their breakthrough record, The Yes Album (1971).

Background and recording
On 31 July 1971, Yes performed the final concert of their 1970–71 tour at Crystal Palace Park, London in support of their previous album, The Yes Album (1971). The tour was significant for the band as it included their first set of gigs in the US which helped them gain momentum as The Yes Album and its single, "Your Move", reached the US top 40. The line-up during this time consisted of lead vocalist Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, drummer Bill Bruford, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and guitarist Steve Howe. Following the tour, Yes started work on their next studio album that was originally conceived as a double with a combination of studio and live tracks, but it could not be realised due to the increased amount of time required to make it. Ideas to record in Miami, Florida with producer Tom Dowd also never came to fruition. Rehearsals took place in August 1971 in a small studio in Shepherd Market in London. Kaye was sacked from Yes, and at manager Brian Lane's insistence, surrendered his royalties from the first three albums in exchange for a cash sum of around $10,000. A replacement was quickly found in Rick Wakeman, a classically trained pianist with experience playing a wide variety of keyboards. Wakeman was a member of the folk rock band Strawbs and an in-demand session musician. He was offered a spot with David Bowie's touring band on the same day that he was asked to join Yes, but chose Yes due to the opportunity for more artistic freedom. He learned that the band were going to return to the US for another tour and flatly refused, but quickly realised that he was holding out on a good offer and accepted. Squire spoke about that first session: "That marked the first real appearance of the Mellotron and Moog synthesiser on that—adding the flavour of those instruments to a piece we'd basically already worked out". Wakeman was surprised to see how often the group argued amongst themselves, and at one point shortly after his arrival thought they were going to split. Eddy Offord, who served as a recording engineer on Time and a Word (1970), assumed his role while sharing production duties with the band. Rolling Stone reported that the album cost $30,000 to produce. According to Michael Tait, the band's lighting director, Lane came up with the album's title while on the phone to "some press guy" enquiring about it: "He was looking at some photos from that Crystal Palace gig, saw the monitors at the front of the stage and, like all equipment, they had 'Fragile' stamped on the back". Bruford claimed he in fact suggested the title because he thought the band "was breakable" at the time. While the band were recording, Wakeman remembered children being brought into the studio to watch them play. ==Composition and music==
Composition and music
Fragile contains nine tracks; four are "group arranged and performed" with the remaining five being "the individual ideas, personally arranged and organised" by the five members, as described in the liner notes. Squire reasoned that this approach was necessary in part to save time and reduce studio costs: "We have a lot of mouths to feed. Rick ... had to buy a vast amount of new equipment when he joined, and it all costs much more money than people seem to imagine." Side one by Johannes Brahms, with an electric piano used for the string section, grand piano for the woodwinds, organ for the brass, electric harpsichord for reeds, and synthesiser as contrabassoon. Wakeman said the piece took an estimated 15 hours to create in the studio, and said it was most likely Bruford who inspired its title from looking at Wakeman playing each section while wearing his headphones. He looked back on the piece as "dreadful", as contractual problems with A&M Records, with whom he was signed as a solo artist, prevented him from writing a composition of his own. Anderson described "We Have Heaven" as a "rolling idea of voices and things", with its two main sets of chants containing the phrases "Tell the Moon dog, tell the March hare" and "He is here, to look around". The track ends with the sound of a door closing followed by running footsteps, which segues into the atmospheric introduction to the next track, the group arranged "South Side of the Sky". According to Tait, its original title was "Suddenly It's Wednesday", The song segues, after Howe plays a guitar run with an Echoplex delay effect, "Mood for a Day" is Howe's solo track, which was his second acoustic guitar solo put on a Yes album, following "Clap". He played a Conde flamenco guitar, but considers the album version substandard in comparison to how he learned to play it on stage years later. The track is where Wakeman's classically trained background came into play; he introduced the band to recapitulation, a musical concept where previous segments in a piece are revisited. Bruford considers it as the group's breakthrough piece in terms of originality: "It had the drama and the poise and the kind of fey, pastoral English-y lyrics at the beginning where the music all gives way to a slightly feminine vocal." Howe originally played the song on the ES-5 Switchmaster, but it failed to produce satisfactory results. He found success with his Gibson ES-175. Several seconds after the song, the sound of a door opening is heard before a reprise of "We Have Heaven" is played, acting as a hidden track. ==Artwork==
Artwork
Fragile marks the start of the band's long association with English artist Roger Dean, who would design many of their future album covers, their logo, and live stage sets. In 1971 Dean submitted a portfolio to Phil Carson, then European General Manager of Atlantic Records, who said he would contact Dean for work when one of his bands needed a cover artist, which became Yes. Prior to starting on the cover, Dean had come up with a creation myth narrative about a child who dreamt she was living on a planet that started breaking up, so they built a "space ark" to find another planet to live on, while towing the broken pieces with them. Dean was aware that the album's title described "the psyche" of the group at the time, which influenced his "very literal" design of a fragile bonsai world that was going to break up. The band had wished for an image of a fractured piece of porcelain, but Dean ended up breaking the planet into two pieces as a compromise. Bruford thought Dean "brilliantly parlayed that idea [one of Fragile] up to the prescient image of the fragile planet earth, with implications of a delicate and breakable eco-system." Dean continued the narrative in his artwork for Yes's first live album, Yessongs (1973), but his style had evolved by this time and the planet no longer looked like the Fragile original. The LP's accompanying booklet contains two additional Dean paintings; the front cover depicts five creatures huddled under a root system, and the back depicts a person climbing up a rock formation. The inside features several photographs of the band with a page dedicated to each member, with smaller illustrations and photographs of their wives and children. Anderson's page contains a short poem, and Wakeman's includes a list of acknowledgements, including Mozart, The White Bear pub in Hounslow, and Brentford F.C. ==Release==
Release
Fragile was released on 12 November 1971 in the UK. Fragile was released in the US on 4 January 1972. and number 7 in the UK. In March 1972, the album reached Gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 1998, it was certified double Platinum for selling 2 million copies in the US. Fragile was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry for 300,000 copies sold. "Roundabout" was released as a single in the US with a shortened duration of 3:27, with "Long Distance Runaround" on the B-side. The cut was done by Atlantic's radio department without the band's knowledge, and Anderson and Howe were particularly shocked at the severe edits, but Anderson said it helped boost Yes's popularity and more people turned out to see them. Reissues Fragile was first reissued on CD in the United States and Europe in 1990. A remastered edition for CD and cassette by Joe Gastwirt followed in 1994, which includes a reprise of "We Have Heaven" after "Heart of the Sunrise" for a track running time of 11:32. In 2002, Rhino and Elektra Records released Fragile in stereo and 5.1 surround sound mixes for the DVD-Audio format. The band's cover of "America" is included, along with other supplemental features. 2003 saw Rhino and Elektra put out a new remastered CD conducted by Dan Hersch, with "America" and an early rough mix of "Roundabout" as bonus tracks. In 2006, two new "audiophile" remasters were released. Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab put out a "24 KT Gold" edition for CD headed by Shawn Britton, and a 200-gram LP from Analogue Productions by Kevin Gray and Steve Hoffman. Warner Japan released Fragile in 2011 in a hybrid stereo/multi-channel edition for the Super Audio CD format as part of their Warner Premium Sound series. The 2003 reissue was included in the album box set The Studio Albums, 1969–1987, released in 2013. Fragile was released in a new stereo and 5.1 surround sound mix on CD, DVD-Audio, and Blu-ray by Steven Wilson, on 30 October 2015. The Blu-ray disc features six previously unreleased tracks. A six-disc super deluxe edition of Fragile was released on 28 June 2024 featuring a new Steven Wilson 5.1 surround sound, stereo, Dolby Atmos, and instrumental mix along with remaster of the original mix. The box set also came with two discs of rarities and live material (notable performances from 19 February 1972 concert in Academy of Music, New York). == Critical reception ==
Critical reception
Fragile received a mostly positive reception upon its release. Billboard magazine selected the album in its "Billboard Pick" feature, describing it as "vibrant, soothing, tumultuous, placid and instrumentally brilliant" and Anderson's vocals "deliciously ingratiating". In his review for Rolling Stone, Richard Cromelin pointed out the album's "gorgeous melodies, intelligent, carefully crafted, constantly surprising arrangements, concise and energetic performances" and "cryptic but evocative lyrics", but pointed out that Yes "tend to succumb to the show-off syndrome. Their music (notably "We Have Heaven") often seems designed only to impress and tries too hard to call attention to itself". Melody Maker gave a mixed review on 20 November 1971. It opened with: "'Fragile' does not seem to go anywhere or have any theme except displaying Yes' technical ability ... It's not until 'Heart of the Sunrise' that they get there. It's all a little too much like exercises, clever and beautifully played". The review praised "Roundabout" for Howe's guitar work and compared its style to "Yours is No Disgrace" from The Yes Album. Ed Keheller for Circus magazine summarised his review of the album with "Fragile is unquestionably their most cohesive and mettlesome undertaking". Music critic Jim DeRogatis cited the album as "the prog album most celebrated by FM-rock radio." In 2005, Fragile was included in the musical reference publication 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In his review for AllMusic, Bruce Eder gave the album five stars out of five. He writes: "Fragile was Yes' breakthrough album, propelling them in a matter of weeks from a cult act to an international phenomenon; not coincidentally, it also marked the point where all of the elements of the music (and more) that would define their success for more than a decade fell into place fully formed. The science-fiction and fantasy elements that had driven the more successful songs on ... The Yes Album, were pushed much harder here, and not just in the music but in the packaging of the album: the Roger Dean-designed cover was itself a fascinating creation that seemed to relate to the music and drew the purchaser's attention in a manner that few records since the heyday of the psychedelic era could match." ==Track listing==
Track listing
Details are taken from the 1971 US Atlantic album (UK release does not list running times); other releases may show different information. Note • "Cans and Brahms" is based on Johannes Brahms' "Symphony No. 4" 2024 Super Deluxe Edition ==Personnel==
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. YesJon Anderson – vocals • Steve Howe – electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals • Chris Squire – bass guitars, backing vocals • Rick Wakeman – Hammond organ, grand piano, RMI 368 Electra-Piano and Harpsichord, Mellotron, Minimoog synthesiser • Bill Bruford – drums, percussion Production • Yes – production • Eddy Offord – engineer, production • Gary Martin – assistant engineer • Roger Dean – artwork, photography • David Wright – colour photo of Bruford on drums ==Charts==
Charts
Weekly charts Year-end charts ==Certifications==
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