Bushman was born in
Baltimore, Maryland. As a young man he joined the Maryland Athletic Club and began a
body building regimen that would give him his famous film physique. He cited
Eugen Sandow as one of his body building influences. In New York City, he worked as a
sculptor's model, often posing in the nude in sessions. In 1902, he married
seamstress Josephine Louisa Fladung. By the launch of his film career, the couple had five children. After appearing in theater, Bushman was hired by
Essanay Studios in Chicago in 1911, launching his film career and stardom. Over the next five years he appeared generally as the
leading man in over a hundred
silent films for the studio. The studio's publicity department kept secret his marriage from his fans, who sent him thousands of letters, including marriage proposals. In 1918, he was the subject of a national
scandal as his affair with longtime costar
Beverly Bayne became public. Three days after his divorce with Josephine was final, Bushman and Bayne were married; they would eventually have a son. Bushman and his studios had kept his marriage secret for fear of losing popularity. He was married four times. In late 1919 and 1920, Bushman and Bayne co-starred in the stage play
The Master Thief, from a story by
Richard Washburn Child, which successfully toured the country. Bushman eventually retained the services of
Harry Reichenbach as his agent. When Bushman noted that he would be well-suited to starring in an upcoming 1925 film,
Ben-Hur, Reichenbach had a plan to increase his client's marketability. From a railway station, Reichenbach took Bushman to see studio executives, while dropping pennies to the street from his pocket. Many people followed the two, picking up the coins along the way. The crowd gave the studio executives the impression that Bushman was very popular, and they cast him as Messala. Bushman was concerned that playing a
villain would affect his career, so he asked the advice of
William S. Hart, who had played the part on stage for years. "Take it," Hart advised. "It's the best part in the play!" Unlike
Ramon Novarro, the star of the picture, Bushman knew how to drive a team of horses and a
chariot without getting severely injured or killed in the process. When
Ben Hur was
remade in 1959,
Charlton Heston had to learn the technique and quipped: "The only man in Hollywood who can drive a chariot is Francis X. Bushman — and he's too old!" for the
Cincinnati Post, 1920 Bushman was paid large salaries during his screen career, and donated the land upon which
Sid Grauman erected his famous
Chinese Theater. But his fortune was wiped out in the
Wall Street Crash of 1929, and his career as a movie star had had its run. After his film career had waned, Bushman made his broadcasting mark on the
CBS Radio network's long-running
dramatic serial entitled
Those We Love. In the soap opera, which ran from 1938 to 1945, he played the role of John Marshall, father of twins played by
Richard Cromwell and
Nan Grey.
Robert Cummings rounded out the cast. Bushman took small roles in pictures, appearing perhaps most prominently as a business tycoon in
Billy Wilder's 1954 film
Sabrina, and attempted to run a few small businesses, all of which lost money. On viewing one of his early films, Bushman is said to have remarked, "My God, look at that! I'm putting all my emotion into my
chin!" In later years, Bushman made guest appearances on American television in the 1950s and 1960s. On February 6, 1958, he and his wife Iva Millicent Richardson appeared on the quiz show
You Bet Your Life with
Groucho Marx and won $1,000 by successfully answering questions in a geography quiz. He also performed on weekly sitcoms and television dramas, including
Burns and Allen,
Peter Gunn,
Make Room for Daddy,
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,
Perry Mason,
The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, and
Dr. Kildare. Bushman guest-starred as well in 1966 on a two-part episode of
Batman. Both Bushman and
Neil Hamilton, his co-star in
The Grip of the Yukon, appeared in the
Batman episode—their first reunion acting together in 38 years. Bushman is mentioned numerous times by the character
Pearl Bodine in the
first season of
The Beverly Hillbillies. In the episode entitled "No Place Like Home," Pearl has written a song which she plays when the silent version of
Ben-Hur is shown in the Clampetts' hometown. In a later episode, when Pearl visits the Clampetts in Los Angeles, she speaks about hoping to meet Bushman. In the episode "Jed's Dilemma," Jed takes the family on a sightseeing tour of
Beverly Hills. When passing a fancy home, Pearl wonders if it could be the home of a movie star, possibly Francis X. Bushman. Jed tells her it cannot be Bushman's home because he got a good look in the yard and did not see room for horses or a chariot. Bushman suffered a heart attack and died at his home in
Pacific Palisades, California, on August 23, 1966. He was interred in the Freedom Mausoleum at
Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in
Glendale, California. ==Filmography==