Fraxinus mandschurica

It is tolerant of many soil conditions including the wet soils of swamps and river valleys, and is not particular as to soil pH except for showing poor growth at high pH. It requires full sun for optimal growth, and should receive at least 50 cm of precipitation each year. It requires a continental climate with well-defined seasons with cold winters, hot summers, and freedom from late spring frosts. The seeds are eaten by a wide variety of birds. ==Uses==

This tree is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental tree in parts of Canada and the United States. Manchurian ash can be used as a medium height wind break for a farmstead. It is also highly tolerant of urban pollution and will even grow well in inner city environments. The tree also makes an excellent landscape tree in moist areas, especially along roads and ditches where a good amount of water can be available. The Manchurian grows into a denser oval form with age. It has proved very intolerant of oceanic climate conditions in cultivation, leafing out too early and then being damaged by late spring frosts. However, significant mortality in Manchurian ash from emerald ash borer is also recorded in the wild in China. The cultivar Fraxinus mandshurica 'Mancana' ("Manchana Ash") has been selected by the Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. It has a dense oval to globose crown, and is a male tree; it is very hardy. Hybrids with black ash have also been produced in cultivation. ==References==