Ramona, San Diego County, California

Early times Before it was permanently settled, the Ramona area was inhabited by the Kumeyaay Nation of Native Americans (Diegueño), a semi-nomadic people, who established annual settlements there as they moved between coastal and inland grounds. Their presence is indicated by archeological evidence such as rock paintings, etchings, and grinding stones used to grind acorns into meal for bread. During Mexican governance of California, Rancho Valle de Pamo (also called Rancho Santa María) was a Mexican land grant that occupied the Santa Maria Valley and was centered on present-day Ramona. The first post office was called Nuevo. which had stirred a nationwide interest in a romanticized vision of Southern California. The next year the town reverted to Nuevo because there was another town, in Los Angeles County, called Ramona. However, the other town did not flourish, and Nuevo permanently retook the name Ramona in 1894.Today in Ramona, there stands a Mexican restaurant named "Nuevo Grill" in remembrance of the town's original name. The restaurant even features a few old pictures that date back to when the town was still called Nuevo. In 1886, Theophile Verlaque built a home, perhaps the first example of traditional French Provincial architecture in the Western United States, next to Amos' store. The Verlaque house, located at 645 Main Street in Ramona, is now home to the [http://www.woodwardmuseum.org/index.shtml Ramona Pioneer Historical Society and its Guy B. Woodward Museum, and in 1991 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Ramona Town Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It has also been known as Town Hall of Nuevo, and Barnett Hall. Augustus and Martha Barnett donated the $17,000 ==Government==

Local As an unincorporated town, Ramona's plenary local governing body is the San Diego County Board of Supervisors. However, many governmental functions operate at the local level in Ramona. The Ramona Municipal Water District (RMWD) is Ramona's local agency (within its boundaries) for water and sewer service, fire protection, paramedic services, and parks. The RMWD contracts with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection to operate the Ramona Fire Department. The RMWD is governed by a five-member elected board of directors. In the area of Ramona outside and east of the Ramona Municipal Water District, fire protection and paramedic service is provided by the InterMountain Fire - Rescue Department. It operates as a California 501c(3) non-profit corporation, and up to 9 people sit on its board of directors. Portions of Ramona, notably the Barona Mesa area adjacent to San Diego Country Estates, are under the jurisdiction of the San Diego Rural Fire Protection District (View its District map). With one exception, public schools in Ramona are operated by the Ramona Unified School District, which is governed by an elected five-person board of trustees. The exception was Sun Valley Charter High School. Although its charter was approved by the RUSD, it was governed by its own board. The charter school failed after a few years from a decline in the number of students and political friction from the RUSD. Ramona Adult School was established in 1993 by the Ramona Unified School District. Ramona Adult School is a provider of adult education services in Ramona, California and serves the communities of Ballena, Santa Ysabel, San Diego Country Estates, Four Corners, Barona Reservation, Fernbrook, San Pasqual Valley, and Wynola. At an elevation of 1,430 ft, the adult school campus is located on the grounds of Montecito high school which is nestled in beautiful and historic foothills of the noteworthy Cuyamaca Mountains. Ramona Adult School offers adult education courses for adults in the areas of: high school diploma, GED, HISET, and adult basic education. Ramona Adult School works collaboratively with Palomar College and other local adult schools to connect students with post-secondary education and training. Ramona Adult School is a member of the Education to Career Network of North San Diego County. ETCN is one of 71 Consortiums in the State of California and is funded by the California Adult Education Program. The Nuevo Gardens Memorial Cemetery is a public cemetery located at 532 Ash Street, Ramona, CA 92065, and governed by a three-person Board of Trustees, who are appointed by the San Diego County Board of Supervisors. State and federal representation In the California State Legislature, Ramona is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Ramona is in . ==Geography==

According to the United States Geological Survey Ramona is located at within the Santa Maria Valley. This is near the intersection of State Route 67 and State Route 78 and near the economic center of Ramona. The elevation is above sea level (at Ramona Airport). Because Ramona is not an incorporated city, there are no city limits by which to measure its area. There are primarily three geographic areas by which the land area of Ramona is measured: 1. The boundaries of the Ramona Municipal Water District (approximately ); 2. The boundaries of the Ramona Unified School District (approximately ), and; 3. The boundaries of the Ramona Community Planning Area. The last is the primary area utilized by San Diego County's regional planning agency, the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). The Ramona Community Planning Area encompasses more than (over ) in central San Diego County. The RCPA includes the unincorporated town of Ramona, California, and is located in the foothills of the Laguna Mountains. It is located east northeast of the City of Poway (with which it shares a boundary), east southeast of the City of Escondido, north of Lakeside, California, and west southwest of Santa Ysabel, California. The RCPA consists primarily of the Santa Maria Valley and the San Vicente Valley, and the steep or mountainous terrain surrounding them. It also includes the Ballena Valley east of town, and Bandy Canyon and a small portion of the southern edge of the San Pasqual Valley. In the San Pasqual Valley, the RCPA abuts the City of San Diego. The historical town center of Ramona is located in the Santa Maria Valley. This valley was the Rancho Santa Maria, a Mexican land grant. The San Vicente Valley was formerly part of the Rancho Cañada de San Vicente y Mesa del Padre Barona Mexican land grant. The San Diego Country Estates subdivision in Ramona is located in the San Vicente Valley. The Barona Indian Reservation, not part of the RCPA, is also within part of the Rancho Cañada de San Vicente y Mesa del Padre Barona Mexican land grant. Map of the Ramona Community Planning Area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Ramona CDP covers an area of , 99.95% of it land, and 0.05% of it water. ==Climate==

Ramona has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) typical of inland southern California, with a high diurnal temperature variation that averages over the year. Official record temperatures since 1974 range from on January 17, 2007, up to on July 6, 2018. ==Demographics==

Ramona was listed as an unincorporated place in the 1950 U.S. census; The census reported that 20,168 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 114 (0.6%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 10 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 6,627 households, 2,631 (39.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,893 (58.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 788 (11.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 425 (6.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 419 (6.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 62 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,091 households (16.5%) were one person and 429 (6.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.04. There were 5,106 families (77.0% of households); the average family size was 3.36. The age distribution was 5,247 people (25.9%) under the age of 18, 2,140 people (10.5%) aged 18 to 24, 4,901 people (24.2%) aged 25 to 44, 5,945 people (29.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,059 people (10.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 36.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males. There were 7,083 housing units at an average density of 184.3 per square mile, of the occupied units 4,187 (63.2%) were owner-occupied and 2,440 (36.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.1%. 12,399 people (61.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 7,769 people (38.3%) lived in rental housing units. Ramona, including San Diego Country Estates CDP The 2010 United States census reported that Ramona CDP and San Diego Country Estates CDP combined had a population of 30,301. The racial makeup of this combination was 24,994 (82.5%) White, 230 (0.8%) African American, 314 (1.0%) Native American, 426 (1.4%) Asian, 105 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 3,041 (10.0%) from other races, and 1,091 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7,460 persons (24.6%). 2000 The United States census of 2000 included two census-designated places (CDP) - Ramona CDP and San Diego Country Estate CDP. Some areas of Ramona were not included in any CDP. The U.S. Census Bureau created a new statistical entity for tabulating summary statistics from Census 2000 by ZIP code, the Zip Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA). Ramona has a single United States Postal Service ZIP code: 92065. The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), San Diego County's regional planning agency, has compiled census data for all census tracts in the Ramona Community Planning Area (RCPA). These statistics are slightly different than the 92065 ZCTA, as the RCPA includes some land area outside the 92065 ZIP code. (Map of RCPA) 2000 census information for the Ramona CDP, the San Diego Country Estate CDP, 92065 ZCTA, and the RCPA (as prepared by SANDAG), is set forth below. 92065 ZCTA At the 2000 census, there were 33,087 people living in the 92065 Zip Code Tabulation Area. RCPA At the 2000 census, there were 33,404 people, 10,803 households, and 8,814 families living in the RCPA. The population density was . There were 11,190 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the RCPA was 78.35% White, 0.67% African American, 0.81% Native American, 0.97% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.03% of the population. There were 10,803 households, 45.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 8.67% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.41% were non-families. 13.2% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.79. In the RCPA the population was spread out, with 30.03% under the age of 18, 8.08% from 18 to 24, 29.01% from 25 to 44, 23.53% from 45 to 64, and 9.34% 65 or older. The median age was 35.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males. The median household income was in the RCPA was $60,534. The per capita income for the RCPA was $19,576. About 5.3% of families and 9% of the population were below the poverty line. Only 3.57% of families including a married couple were below the poverty line, while 13.98% of male-headed households with no wife present and 14.62% of female-headed households with no husband present fell below the poverty line. Of the population 15 years of age or older, 63% were married (excluding separated), 23% had never been married, 8% were divorced, 4% were widowed, and 1% were separated. Of those 25 or older 86.34% had graduated high school (including GEDs), and 31.1% had attended college, but had not earned a degree. 8% of this group had earned an associate degree, 15% a bachelor's degree and 6% a masters. 2% had gone on to earn a professional school degree, and 1% had earned a doctorate. 72.2% of housing units were owner occupied, with the median value of these set at $240,137. Of all housing units in the RCPA, 82.71% were built in 1970 or later, and 55.1% were built in 1980 or later. 96.03% of occupied households had at least one motor vehicle, and 75.49% had two or more vehicles. For those employed, the average travel time to work was 36 minutes. 14.76% had travel times to work of 60 minutes or more. Ramona CDP According to the United States Census Bureau the Ramona CDP is located at Ramona is located at (33.035868, -116.870633). At the 2000 census there were 15,691 people, 5,021 households, and 3,886 families living in the CDP. The population density was . There were 5,131 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 80.60% White, 0.78% African American, 1.33% Native American, 0.78% Asian, 0.27% Pacific Islander, 12.56% from other races, and 3.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.99%. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. Of the 5,021 households 43.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.6% were non-families. 16.1% of households were one person and 6.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.45. The age distribution was 31.2% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males. The median household income was $48,625 and the median family income was $53,372. Males had a median income of $40,376 versus $26,105 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,898. About 9.1% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. San Diego Country Estates CDP According to the United States Census Bureau the San Diego Country Estates CDP is located at (33.002636, -116.799005). The CDP has a total area of , all land. At the 2000 census there were 9,262 people, 2,992 households, and 2,650 families living in the CDP. The population density was . There were 3,102 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.92% White, 0.72% African American, 0.49% Native American, 1.12% Asian, 0.27% Pacific Islander, 1.72% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.70%. Of the 2,992 households 47.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.0% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.4% were non-families. 8.4% of households were one person and 3.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.27. The age distribution was 31.6% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. The median household income was $77,547 and the median family income was $79,409. Males had a median income of $55,825 versus $34,472 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $27,685. About 2.6% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 1.0% of those age 65 or over. ==Agriculture==

At one time Ramona was known as the "Turkey Capital of the World." Turkey production flourished during the 1930s, and the industry was featured with popular annual Turkey Days celebrations. Turkey production went into sharp decline following World War II, and ended completely by 1959. The decline of the turkey industry was followed by rapid growth in the chicken egg business. Egg production, which began in the 1920s, thrived into the 1970s. In 1970, there were about 50 egg ranches in Ramona. Today, most of the chicken ranches are gone. By 2003, only four remained. A notable exception to the decline is the Pine Hills Egg Ranch, which at 1,100,000 birds is the 58th largest nationally, and the 5th largest in the state of California. The demise of the egg industry was, in part, due to population growth and increased land values. It was also caused by an outbreak of deadly exotic Newcastle's Disease in 1971, which took three years to stem, and another outbreak in late 2002. Dairies used to be common in Ramona, particularly along contiguous Dye Road, Ramona Street and Warnock Road. Today, one dairy remains on Dye Road. Notable among current agricultural pursuits in Ramona is rapidly growing wine grape production. The Ramona Valley American Viticultural Area surrounds the town. An aerial photograph depicting the Ramona Valley Viticultural Area may be viewed at the https://ramonavalleyvineyards.com Ramona Valley Vineyard Association's website]. Although the cost of imported water has been a negative issue in recent years, avocado and citrus orchards are also prominent. Perhaps Ramona's greatest recent claim to fame comes from Thoroughbred horse breeding. The Golden Eagle Farm in eastern Ramona's Ballena Valley was the home of Best Pal, the second-place finisher of the 1991 Kentucky Derby. No California bred race horse has earned more than the US$5.6 million in purses he won. Best Pal is buried on the Golden Eagle Farm. ==Culture==

Ramona is the filming location for the films South of 8 (2016), The Samuel Project (2018), Continuance, and ''Hemet, or the Landlady Don't Drink Tea'' (2023). ==Notable residents==

• Budd Boetticher - film and television director, producer; died in Ramona • Johnny Borneman, III - American racecar driver • William Thomas Burns - Major League Baseball player; died in Ramona • William Cagney - film producer, brother of James Cagney, owned a ranch in Ramona • Dave Cripe - baseball player; born in Ramona • Jake Gagne – motorcycle racer; was born and grew up in Ramona • John Hopkins - motorcycle racer, MotoGP, Superbike World Championship • Ross Martin - actor, The Wild Wild West; died in Ramona • Archie Moore - boxer, light-heavyweight world champion 1952–62, actor; owned training camp in Ramona, where a street is named for him • Larry Poole - actor and film producer • Casey Tibbs - rodeo cowboy and actor; died in Ramona • Dai Vernon - magician; died in Ramona • Nick Vincent - Major League Baseball pitcher; attended Ramona High School • Lynda Wiesmeier - Playboy Playmate, Miss July 1982; died in Ramona • Stanley B. Wilson - Labor leader and newspaper publisher; preached in Ramona and edited the Ramona Sentinel ==See also==