French military mission to Japan (1867–1868)

The mission left Marseille on 19 November 1866 and arrived in Yokohama on 14 January 1867. They were welcomed on their arrival by Léon Roches and the commander of the French Far East Squadron Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze. The military mission was able to train an elite corps of shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the Denshūtai, for a little more than one year, before the Tokugawa shogunate lost to the Imperial forces in 1868 in the Boshin War. The French military mission was then ordered to leave Japan by decree of the newly installed Meiji Emperor in October 1868. '' Tokugawa Yoshinobu in French military uniform, c. 1867 In contravention of the agreement for all foreign powers to remain neutral in the conflict, French military officer Jules Brunet and four of his non-commissioned officers (Fortant, Marlin, Cazeneuve, Bouffier), chose to remain in Japan and continue supporting the Bakufu side. They resigned from the French army and left for the north of Japan with the remains of the Shogunate's armies in the hope of staging a counterattack. The conflict continued until the rebels' defeat at the Battle of Hakodate in May 1869. ==Members==

The mission consisted of 17 members, under the authority of the Minister of War General Jacques Louis Randon, covering a wide range of expertise: four officers (representing infantry, artillery and cavalry), ten non-commissioned officers and two soldiers. The original mission composed of 15 members, arriving in Japan in January 1867, and was later supplemented with non-commissioned officers Cazeneuve, Jourdan and Michel (February 1868). The mission was headed by staff captain Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine, at that time an attaché to the military staff of Paris. The members were: Commander • Charles Chanoine, captain of the general staff Instructors Infantry • Charles Albert Dubousquet, lieutenant of the 31st line infantry regiment. • Édouard Messelot, lieutenant of the 20th battalion of chasseurs à pied. • Jean Marlin, sergeant of the 8th battalion of chasseurs à pied. • François Bouffier, sergeant of the 8th battalion of chasseurs à pied. • Henry Ygrec, sergeant of the 31st line infantry regiment. Artillery • Jules Brunet, lieutenant of the Horse Artillery Regiment of the Imperial Guard. • Arthur Fortant, maréchal des logis of the artillery regiment of the Imperial Guard. Cavalry • Léon Descharmes, lieutenant of the Dragoons of the Imperial Guard. • Emile Perussel, maréchal des logis. Non-commissioned officers • Louis Guttig, corporal. • Charles Bonnet, chief armorer second class. • Barthélémy Izard, maréchal des logis, chief artificier of the Horse Artillery Regiment of the Imperial Guard. • Frédéric Valette, maréchal des logis, wood specialist. • Jean-Félix Mermet, brigadier, steel specialist. • André Cazeneuve, brigadier of the Haras impériaux, arrived in May 1867 bringing Napoleon III's gift of 26 Arabian horses to shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu. Officially joined the mission in February 1868. • Claude Jourdan, captain of the engineers. • Charles Michel, sergeant-major of the engineers. ==See also==