Fresh Pond (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

Native Americans used the pond for fishing and drinking water for several thousand years. Starting in the seventeenth century colonists fished for alewives using fishing weirs in Alewife Brook (which passed through the swamps to the north of Fresh Pond) following the Native Americans' methods. The colonists also used the fields around Fresh Pond for growing hay, and they hunted ducks in the Pond. In the eighteenth century, settlers started farms to the south, west and north of the Pond. In 1796 Jacob Wyeth constructed the Fresh Pond Hotel to the east of the Pond on land that is now part of Kingsley Park. In 1798 a wealthy resident constructed a country estate north of the pond on Black's Nook. In the early 1800s clay was removed from the swamps surrounding Fresh Pond for use in the brick making industry. == Water and ice ==

In the mid-19th century, the Pond was privately owned and home to a flourishing ice-harvesting industry, with ice shipped as far as Europe, China, and India. The horse-drawn Charlestown Branch Railroad expanded to connect the Fresh Pond icehouses of Frederic Tudor, Addison Gage, and Nathaniel J. Wyeth with several wharves in Charlestown. The first ice shipment was in December 1841. The railroad would later get steam locomotives and become part of the Fitchburg Railroad. In 1856, a private company began supplying its customers with drinking water from the Pond. In 1865 the business came under city ownership. By the end of the century the Pond and the land surrounding it was entirely city-owned, and an elaborate public water supply system had been developed. Fresh Pond is part of the overall Cambridge water system. Its water is fed to the pond via an aqueduct from the Hobbs Brook and Stony Brook Reservoirs, located in Lexington, Lincoln, Waltham and Weston, Massachusetts. After purification at the Walter J. Sullivan Water Treatment Facility adjacent to Fresh Pond, the water is pumped upwards roughly 1 kilometer west of Fresh Pond to a higher elevation at the underground Payson Park Reservoir in neighboring Belmont. From there it flows back to Cambridge, with gravity providing the necessary downhill pressure to distribute drinking water to residents and businesses. == Footnotes ==

• City of Cambridge Water Department • Fresh Pond history • • Weightman, Gavin (2003). The Frozen-Water Trade: A True Story. New York: Hyperion • Seaburg, Carl and Alan (2003). The Ice King: Frederic Tudor and His Circle. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society == External links ==