Family provenance Friedrich Ludwig Lindner was born in
Mitau, a prosperous midsized town in
Courland (modern day
Latvia) which at that time was an increasingly semi-detached territory in the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. His father, (1733-1816) was a physician: his mother, born Henriette Marie Wirth (1744–1807), was the daughter of another physician. In 1802 he introduced vaccinations against
Chickenpox in
Brno. Von Kotzebue and the Tsar were not in sympathy with liberal developments in political thought. In his report von Kotzebue criticised a newspaper called
"Nemesis". Lindner happened to live in the same house as a copying clerk employed by von Kotzebue's:) Lindner now settled for a period in
Mulhouse, not far from the town where his wife had been born, but he did not remain in
Elsaß for long. The document advocated some form of alliance between the three or four larger states of southern Germany, together with other significant states in the central regions, in order to provide a more effective counterweight to the might of
Prussia and
Austria within the
German Confederation, a pan-German political structure which had emerged in 1815 to fill the vacuum left by the termination in 1806 of the
Holy Roman Empire. The proposal was seen as a move to reinvent the
Confederation of the Rhine which, starting in
1805, had operated under the sponsorship of
France for almost a decade. The appearance in 1824 of a second incendiary publication entitled "Geheime Papiere" (
"Secret Papers") proved more damaging since the work was quickly attributed to him despite initial expressions of uncertainty. Around this time he also became involved in a dispute with a young ambitious delegate to the
Federal Convention (Bundestag) called
Friedrich von Blittersdorf. The upshot of all this was that he was obliged to leave
Stuttgart, relocating to
Augsburg in 1825. Following the demise of the "Politische Annalen" Lindner reverted to his earlier profession, becoming a physician again. He returned to
Stuttgart in 1833, where he was now provided by
the king with a pension. Relatively little is known of his final years, but he produced several translations as well as a satirical play attacking
Hegel, who during his final years had become, in the eyes of some, Prussia's unofficial national philosopher. ==References==