In 1600,
Kobayakawa Hideaki, who had previously controlled a portion of
Chikuzen, was relocated to the
Okayama Domain in
Bizen Province as a reward for his successes in the
Battle of Sekigahara, and
Kuroda Nagamasa, the ruler of the
Nakatsu Domain in
Buzen Province, was likewise granted a substantial increase to over 523,000
koku in Chikuzen Province. The
Matsudaira surname, along with one of the
characters from the Shogun's actual name, were bestowed upon subsequent feudal lords from the 2nd
daimyō Kuroda Tadayuki onwards. The designated seating area within the Great Hall of
Edo Castle was "Matsu no-ma," and from the 9th generation, the upper room in the Great Corridor. The Kuroda clan ruled the domain continuously until the end of the Edo period. In 1641, the
Tokugawa shogunate made changes to the
sankin kōtai system, reducing the required period of stay in Edo from alternative years to approximately three months every two years to alleviate the financial burden placed on the domain, in exchange for rotating with
Saga Domain to provide security for the
tenryō territory of Nagasaki. This role continued until the end of the Edo period. Initially, when entering Chikuzen Prefecture, The Kuroda made
Najima Castle, which was constructed by
Sengoku warlord Tachibana Kanzai, as their stronghold. However, due to its small size and inconvenient location for transportation, it was decided to relocate the residence in 1601. It took approximately six years to build a new and expansive castle known as
Fukuoka Castle. Additionally, in order to guard against the
Hosokawa clan, with whom they had strained relations, the Kuroda constructed several castles within the territory, including the "Chikuzen Roppan Castles" (Masumasu Castle, Takatori Castle, Sora Castle, Kurosaki Castle, Wakamatsu Castle, and Koishiwara Castle). These castles were entrusted to loyal vassals. It is worth noting that, following the teachings of his father,
Kuroda Jōsui, who emphasized simplicity and frugality, Nagamasa did not build extravagant villas or feudal lord gardens within the domain. His successors generally followed this practice, with the only exception being Kuroda Tsugutaka, the 6th
daimyō, who built a retirement residence and a garden called
Yūsentei. The 2nd
daimyō, Kuroda Tadayuki, distributed 50,000
koku to his younger brother Nagaoki (creating
Akizuki Domain) and 40,000
koku to his younger brother Takamasa (creating Nogata Domain) in accordance to his father Nagamasa's will. This reduced the official
kokudaka of the domain to 433,000
koku. During Tadayuki's tenure, there was a feud called the "Kuroda Disturbance", over reforms. The 3rd
daimyō, Kuroda Mitsuyuki compiled a history of the Kuroda clan. He also alienated the previously conservative senior vassals by appointing newcomers as senior retainers to implement reforms. This led to the "Second Kuroda Disturbance" under the 4th
daimyō, Kuroda Tsunamasa. The 5th
daimyō, Kuroda Nobumasa was of poor health and was unable to travel from
Edo to his domain, so his uncle Kuroda Nagakiyo assisted in local administration. As he died without heir, the 6th
daimyō, Kuroda Tsugutaka was adopted from the sub-domain of Nogata, which was absorbed back into the main domain, bringing its
kokudaka up to 473,000
koku. He was also the last ruler in the direct line of succession, as the 7th
daimyō, Kuroda Haruyuki was an adopted son-in-law of the
Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa clan, and a grandson of the 8th
Shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune. The 8th
daimyō, Kuroda Harutaka was adopted from the
Kyōgoku clan of
Tadotsu Domain. The 9th
daimyō, Kuroda Naritaka was adopted from the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa and was the younger brother of Shogun
Tokugawa Ienari. In 1784, he established two
domain schools:
Shuyukan and
Kantokan. Of these,
Shuyukan, survives in the modern era as the Fukuoka Prefectural Shuyukan High School. His son, the 10th
daimyō, Kuroda Narikiyo was noted for
rangaku studies and his attempts to modernize the domain. The 11th
daimyō,
Kuroda Nagahisa was adopted from the
Shimazu clan and was also a noted
rangaku scholar. The 12th and final
daimyō, Kuroda Nagatomo was adopted from the
Tōdō clan of
Tsu Domain. He was a noted supporter of the
Noh theatre. During the
Bakumatsu period, the domain was prominently pro-
Sonnō jōi was strongly opposed the
First Chōshū expedition of 1865. Simultaneously, the domain convinced
Sanjō Sanetomi and five other
kuge aristocrats supporting Chōshū to relocated to
Dazaifu. This earned the ire of the shogunate and rumors circulated that the shogunate was considering arresting Kuroda Nagahisa on suspicion of rebellion. The shogunate's decision to proceed with the
Second Chōshū expedition resulted in a wavering of support back towards the shogunate and the arrest of numerous members of the
Sonnō jōi faction, with seven individuals, including the
karō of the domain, committing
seppuku, fourteen individuals beheaded, and fifteen individuals exiled. The faction was decimated. However, with the
Meiji Restoration in 1868, the loyalists made a resurgence and regained control over domain affairs. In 1870,
Matsukata Masayoshi made allegations against the Fukuoka feudal retainers for counterfeiting
Daijō-kan banknotes. A subsequent investigation conducted by the
Meiji government confirmed the accusations and revealed the involvement of the Fukuoka clan leadership as well. As a result, on July 2, 1871, Kuroda Nagatomo was dismissed from his position as imperial governor and was replaced by Imperial
Prince Arisugawa Taruhito, who had connections with the Kuroda family. This transition took place within a span of only 12 days. As a consequence of the incident, five high-ranking former domain officials were executed as perpetrators, while ten more individuals were either imprisoned or exiled. The
Kuroda clan subsequently left Fukuoka and relocated to Tokyo. In 1884, Nagatomo's son, Kuroda Nagashige Kuroda, was conferred the title of
marquis in the
kazoku peerage. His son was married to Shigeko, the daughter of
Prince Kan'in Kotohito. ==Holdings at the end of the Edo period==